Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/mac/TEXT_ZIP/spacedig/V10_4/V10_500.ZIP/V10_500

Text File | 1991-07-08 | 546KB | 11,300 lines

            SPACE Digest Vol. 10 #500

  [Being an amalgamation of articles posted while the Digest was down.]

        ---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Steve Willner, OIR)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Cosmic Dark Matter
Date: 22 Jan 90 16:51:35 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Followup-To: sci.astro
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16947 sci.astro:6496

From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Terry Hancock):
  [on the question of there being sufficient dark matter to close the
   Universe:]
>     Well, there is ONE sort of evidence that I've seen -- the redshift
> curve (i.e. the curve relating distance to redshift)  has a different
> shape for the open, flat, and closed models.  Unfortunately, this is a
> difficult measurement, since it requires an alternate form of distance
> measurement -- AND the difference between the curves is only significant
> towards extreme distances.  The only distance method I have heard of
> being applied to this problem involves the measurement of relative
> brightness and the assumption of statistically homogenous galaxy-brightness
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> both over space and over the history of the universe.   Needless to
> say this is a risky assumption.

This type of observation certainly has the potential of detecting (or
refuting) the "missing mass," but I don't think it has yet provided
much sound evidence one way or the other.  The underlined assumption is
not only risky, but likely completely wrong, since the evidence for
galaxy evolution seems pretty firm.  (In other words, galaxies were lots
brighter long ago.)  Attempts have been made to correct for the greater
brightness, but I think they are still highly uncertain.

Perhaps this discussion should continue in sci.astro, not sci.space.
I've directed followups there.  (Maybe!  Please check or change.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steve Willner            Phone [phone]         Bitnet:   willner@cfa
60 Garden St.            FTS:      830-7123           UUCP:   willner@cfa
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA                 Internet: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Keywords: a "real-time" unix system: LynxOS
Date: 23 Jan 90 02:28:25 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Organization: Scalp Tonic Interdiction Agency

[e-mail] (Seldon) writes:
> HEH...can you imagine if they had RN on this system...

New message when following up:

This program posts news to thousands of machines throughout the entire
solar system...

---
Dan Tilque    --    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Rasmus Lerdorf)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Temperature of Space?
Keywords: superconductors space
Date: 23 Jan 90 17:55:15 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Rasmus Lerdorf)
Organization: University of Waterloo

How hot is space, or more appropriate, how cold is space?  What are the
temperature ranges in a shielded and non-shielded environment?

I am asking because I am interested in the feasibility of superconductors in
space.  We have the technology for low-temperature superconductors and if
the temperature in space is down below 50K in a shielded environment, there
would be a possibility of using existing superconductor technology in space.
I would appreciate any comments on superconductor usage in space as well.

--
Rasmus Lerdorf  {uunet|clyde|utai}!watmath!watcsc!rasmus  2A Systems Design Eng
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Long Duration Exposure Facility shows few surprises (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 20:09:30 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Mary Sandy
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 24, 1990

Jean Clough
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.


RELEASE: 90-11

LONG DURATION EXPOSURE FACILITY SHOWS FEW SURPRISES

     Television views, astronaut commentary and post-retrieval
photos of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) from the
STS-32 Shuttle mission suggest that the condition of LDEF is
about as NASA officials expected.

     The objective of LDEF, which orbited Earth for nearly 6
years, was to measure the effects of atomic oxygen, space
radiation, micrometeoroids, man-made debris, vacuum and other
space-related phenomena on more than 10,000 test specimens.  Some
of those effects were immediately observable on LDEF during in-
flight recovery operations.

     Some thin film test specimens appeared to be degraded or
completely eroded.  Some thin film balloon material test
specimens were broken away at one end.  These are expected
results that will be fully analyzed when the principal
investigators have access to their LDEF experiments.

     The Kapton thermal covers on two Heavy Ions in Space
experiment trays were partially peeled back "like a sardine can"
in the words of one astronaut.  In addition, the thermal cover
strips around the detectors of a space plasma high voltage
drainage experiment appear to have eroded away.  Impact on these
experiments will not be known until researchers can examine them.

     At least one of the thermal covers of an ultra-heavy cosmic
ray nuclei experiment, located adjacent to LDEF's leading edge,
exhibited more apparent debris or meteoroid impacts than
anticipated but there probably was no effect on the cosmic ray
data obtained.  Investigators will pay particular attention to
this area during post-flight examination of the satellite to
determine the nature of the deterioration.

     LDEF program officials also noted discoloration around the
high voltage leads of an interstellar gas experiment.  Just what
this means will be studied in the data analyses that are the next
step in the LDEF program.

     Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia and LDEF are expected to
arrive at Kennedy Space Center on January 26.  The orbiter will
be de-mated from the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and
towed to the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) shortly
thereafter.  Current plans call for the removal of LDEF from
Columbia's payload bay about January 29.

     LDEF will be transferred to the Operation & Checkout (O&C)
Building about January 30 and loaded onto a special
transporter.  Around January 31, the satellite will be moved to
the Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facilty II (SAEF II)
where researchers will inspect and photograph its structure and
experiment trays from February 5 through 17.  Program officials
estimate that removal of the experiment trays will begin around
February 22.

     A meeting of the LDEF Investigator Working Group will take
place at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., this summer on a
date to be announced later.  A press release summarizing the
preliminary results will follow the meeting.

     LDEF contains 57 science and technology experiments
representing more than 200 investigators, 33 private companies,
21 universities, seven NASA centers, nine Department of Defense
laboratories and eight foreign countries.  Experiment analysis is
expected to provide invaluable data for the design of future
spacecraft as well as insight into Earth's cosmic origins.

    - end -

     Photographs are available to illustrate this release by
calling NASA Headquarters Audio Visual Branch at XXX/YYY-ZZZZ:
      Color: 90-HC-41                B&W: 90-H-41
             90-HC-42                     90-H-42
             90-HC-43                     90-H-43
             90-HC-44                     90-H-44

NOTE TO EDITORS:  Media representatives will have an opportunity
to view LDEF's removal from Columbia about January 29 and may
participate in an informal news briefing with LDEF Chief
Scientist Bill Kinard at that time.  Approximately 8 days later,
there will another photo opportunity and a media briefing to
discuss results of the initial LDEF inspections.  The press
conference will be carried live on NASA Select television.  Media
representatives wishing to participate in these events should
contact the KSC Public Information Office, XXX/YYY-ZZZZ.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jeff Lo)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 24 Jan 90 21:25:55 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jeff Lo)
Organization: Elan Computer Group, Inc., Mountain View, CA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Tom Neff) writes:
>It's risky to assume that Blackbird is sandbagging but that Foxbat has
>shown us everything it's got.

But the Foxbat has shown us everything it's got, inside and out.  We have
had our hands on a Foxbat, taken it apart, and talked honestly about the
plane with one of it's pilots, Belenko.  This should give the U.S. a pretty
good idea of what the true capabilities are of the Foxbat.  Then again,
our Air Force may not be telling *us* everything it's got on the MiG-25...
--
Jeff Lo - Pilot In Training: 25.0 hours and climbing
Elan Computer Group, Inc.
[e-mail], ..!{ames,uunet}!elan!jlo
888 Villa Street, Third Floor, Mountain View, CA 94041, 415-964-2200
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Thomas F. Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: U.S. Space Policy/NOV 89 Part 1 of 2 (LONG)
Date: 16 Jan 90 19:31:41 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Thomas F. Smith)
Organization: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA




                         THE WHITE HOUSE

                   Office of the Press Secretary


For Immediate Release                        November 16, 1989

                            FACT SHEET
                    U.S. National Space Policy


On November 2, 1989, the President approved a national space
policy that updates and reaffirms U.S. goals and activities in
space.  The updated policy is the result of a review undertaken
by the National Space Council.  The revisions clarify,
strengthen, and streamline selected aspects of the policy.  Areas
affected include civil and commercial remote sensing, space
transportation, space debris, federal subsidies of commercial
space activities, and Space Station Freedom.

Overall, the President's newly-issued national space policy
revalidates the ongoing direction of U.S. space efforts and
provides a broad policy framework to guide future U.S. space
activities.

The policy reaffirms the nation's commitment to the exploration
and use of space in support of our national well being.  United
States leadership in space continues to be a fundamental
objective guiding U.S. space activities.  The policy recognizes
that leadership requires United States preeminence in key areas
of space activity critical to achieving our national security,
scientific, technical, economic, and foreign policy goals.  The
policy also retains the long-term goal of expanding human
presence and activity beyond Earth orbit into the Solar System.
This goal,provides the overall policy framework for the
President s human space exploration initiative, announced July
20, 1989, in which the President called for completing Space
Station Freedom, returning permanently to the Moon, and
exploration of the planet Mars.

These and other aspects of U.S. national space policy are
contained in the attached document entitled "National Space
Policy."


Attachment





                                                   November 2, 1989

                       NATIONAL SPACE POLICY



This document contains national policy, guidelines, and
implementing actions with respect to the conduct of United States
space programs and related activities.

United States space activities are conducted by three separate
and distinct sectors:  two strongly interacting governmental
sectors (Civil and National Security) and a separate, ncn-
governmental Commercial Sector.  Close coordination, cooperation,
and technology and information exchange will be maintained among
these sectors to avoid unnecessary duplication and promote
attainment of United States space goals.

GOALS AND PRINCIPLES

A fundamental objective guiding United States space activities
has been, and continues to be, space leadership.  Leadership in
an increasingly competitive international environment, does not
require United States preeminence in all areas and disciplines of
space enterprise.  It does require United States preeminence in
the key areas of space activity critical to achieving our
national security, scientific, technical, economic, and foreign
policy goals.

          The overall goals of United States space activities
are:  (1) to strengthen the security of the United States; (2) to
obtain scientific, technological and economic benefits for the
general population and to improve the quality of life on Earth
through space-related activities; (3) to encourage continuing
United States private-sector investment in space and related
activities; (4) to promote international cooperative activities
taking into account United States national security, foreign
policy, scientific, and economic interests; (5) to cooperate with
other nations in maintaining the freedom of space for all
activities that enhance the security and welfare of mankind; and,
as a long-range goal, (6) to expand human presence and activity
beyond Earth orbit into the solar system.

          United States space activities shall be conducted in
accordance with the following principles:

          -- The United States is committed to the exploration
and use of outer space by all nations for peaceful purposes and
for the benefit of all mankind.  "Peaceful purposes" allow for
activities in pursuit of national security goals.

          -- The United States will pursue activities in space
in support of its inherent right of self-defense and its defense
commitments to its allies.





                                 2

          -- The United States rejects any claims to
sovereignty by any nation over outer space or celestial bodies,
or any portion thereof, and rejects any limitations on the
fundamental right of sovereign nations to acquire data from
space.

           -- The United States considers the space systems of
any nation to be national property with the right of passage
through and operations in space without interference.  Purposeful
interference with space systems shall be viewed as an
infringement on sovereign rights.

          -- The United States shall encourage and not preclude
the commercial use and exploitation of space technologies and
systems for national economic benefit.  These commercial
activities must be consistent with national security interests,
and international and domestic legal obligations.

           -- The United States will, as a matter of policy,
pursue its commercial space objectives without the use of direct
Federal subsidies.

                The United States shall encourage other countries
to engage in free and fair trade in commercial space goods and
services.

          -- The United States will conduct international
cooperative space-related activities that are expected to achieve
sufficient scientific, political, economic, or national security
benefits for the nation.  The United States will seek mutually
beneficial international participation in space and space-related
programs.

CIVIL SPACE POLICY

          The United States civil space sector activities shall
contribute significantly to enhancing the Nation's science,
technology, economy, pride, sense of well-being and direction, as
well as United States world prestige and leadership.  Civil
sector activities shall comprise a balanced strategy of research,
development, operations, and technology for science, exploration,
and appropriate applications.

          The objectives of the United States civil space
activities shall be (1) to expand knowledge of the Earth, its
environment, the solar system, and the universe; (2) to create
new opportunities for use of the space environment through the
conduct of appropriate research and experimentation in advanced
technology and systems; (3) to develop space technology for civil
applications and, wherever appropriate, make such technology
available to the commercial sector; (4) to preserve the United
States preeminence in critical aspects of space science,





                                 3

applications, technology, and manned space flight; (5) to
establish a permanently manned presence in space; and (6) to
engage in international cooperative efforts that further United
States overall space goals.



The United States government shall not preclude or deter the
continuing development of a separate non-governmental Commercial
Space Sector.  Expanding private sector investment in space by
the market-driven Commercial Sector generates economic benefits
for the Nation and supports governmental Space Sectors with an
increasing range of space goods and services.  Governmental Space
Sectors shall purchase commercially available space goods and
services to the fullest extent feasible and shall not conduct
activities with potential commercial applications that preclude
or deter Commercial Sector space activities except for national
security or public safety reasons.  Commercial Sector space
activities shall be supervised or regulated only to the extent
required by law, national security, international obligations,
and public safety.

NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE POLICY

The United States will conduct those activities in space that are
necessary to national defense.  Space activities will contribute
to national security objectives by (1) determine, or if
necessary, defending against enemy attack; (2) assuring that
forces cf hostile nations cannot prevent our own use of space;
(3) negating, if necessary, hostile space systems; and (4)
enhancing operations of United States and Allied forces.
Consistent with treaty obligations, the national security space
program shall support such functions as command and control,
communications, navigation, environmental monitoring, warning,
surveillance, and force application (including research and
development programs which support these functions).

INTER-SECTOR POLICIES

This section contains policies applicable to, and binding on, the
national security and civil space sectors.

          The United States Government will maintain and
coordinate separate national security and civil operational space
systems where differing needs of the sectors dictate.

          Survivability and endurance of national security space
systems, including all necessary system elements, will be pursued
commensurate with the planned use in crisis and conflict, with
the threat, and with the availability of other assets to perform
the mission.




                                 4

          Government sectors shall encourage to the maximum
extent feasible, the development and use of United States private
sector space capabilities.

          A continuing capability to remotely sense the Earth
from space is important to the achievement of United States space
goals.  Tc ensure that the necessary capability exists, the
United States government will: (a) ensure the continuity of
LANDSAT-type remote sensing data; (b) discuss remote sensing
issues and activities with foreign governments operating or
regulating the private operation of remote sensing systems; (c)
continue government research and development for future advanced
remote sensing technologies or systems; and (d) encourage the
development of commercial systems, which image the Earth from
space, competitive with, or superior to, foreign-operated civil
or commercial systems.

          Assured access to space, sufficient to achieve all
United States space goals, is a key element of national space
policy.  United States space transportation systems must provide
a balanced, robust, and flexible capability with sufficient
resiliency to allow continued operations despite failures in any
single system.  The United States government will continue
research and development on component technologies in support of
future transportation systems.  The goals of United States space
transportation policy are:  (1) to achieve and maintain safe and
reliable access to, transportation in, and return from, space;
(2) to explicit the unique attributes of manned and unmanned
launch and recovery systems; (3) to encourage to the maximum
extent feasible. the development and use of United States private
sector space transportation capabilities; and (4) to reduce the
costs of space transportation and related services.

          Communications advancements are critical to all United
States space sectors.  To ensure necessary capabilities exist,
the United States government will continue research and
development efforts for future advanced space communications
technologies.

          The United States will consider and, as appropriate,
formulate policy positions on arms control measures governing
activities in space, and will conclude agreements on such
measures only if they are equitable, effectively verifiable, and
enhance the security of the United States and our allies.

          All space sectors will seek to minimize the creation of
space debris.  Design and operations of space tests, experiments
and systems will strive to minimize or reduce accumulation of
space debris consistent with mission requirements and cost
effectiveness.  The United States government will encourage other
space faring nations to adapt policies and practices aimed at
debris minimization.




                                  5


INTER-AGENCY PROCEDURES

Normal interagency procedures will be employed wherever possible
to coordinate the policies enunciated in this directive.

Executive Order No. 12675 established the National Space Council
to provide a coordinated process for developing a national space
policy and strategy and for monitoring its implementation.

The Vice President serves as the Chairman of the Council, and as
the President's principal advisor on national space policy and
strategy.  Other members of the Council are the Secretaries of
State, Treasury, Defense, Commerce, and Transportation; the Chief
of Staff to the President, the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget, the Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs, the Assistant to the President for
Science and Technology, the Director of Central Intelligence, and
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.  The Chairman, from time to time, invites the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the heads of executive
agencies and other senior officials to participate in meetings of
the Council.

                              * * * *


           POLICY GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTING ACTIONS

The following Policy Guidelines and Implementing Actions provide
a framework through which the policies in this directive shall be
carried out.  Agencies will use these sections as guidance on
priorities, including preparation, review, and execution cf
budgets for space activities, within the overall resource and
policy guidance provided by the President.  Affected Government
agencies shall ensure that their current policies are consistent
with this directive and, where necessary, shall establish
policies to implement these practices.

CIVIL SPACE SECTOR GUIDELINES

          Introduction.  In conjunction with other agencies:
NASA will continue the lead role within the Federal Government
for advancing space science, exploration, and appropriate
applications through the conduct of activities for research,
technology, development and related operations; National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration will gather data,, conduct
research, and make predictions about the Earth s environment; DOT
will license and promote commercial launch operations which
support civil sector operations.




                                 6

          Space Science.  NASA, with the collaboration of other
appropriate agencies, will conduct a balanced program to support
scientific research, exploration, and experimentation to expand
understanding of:  (1) astrophysical phenomena and the origin and
evolution of the universe; (2) the Earth, its environment and its
dynamic relationship with the Sun; (3) the origin and evolution
of the solar system; (4) fundamental physical, chemical, and
biological processes; (5) the effects of the space environment on
human beings; and (6) the factors governing the origin and spread
of life in the universe.

          Space Exploration.  In order to investigate phenomena
and objects both within and beyond the solar system, NASA will
conduct a balanced program of manned and unmanned exploration.

          -- Human Exploration.  To implement the long-range
goal of expanding human presence and activity beyond Earth orbit
into the solar system, NASA will continue the systematic
development of technologies necessary to enable and support a
range of future manned missions.  This technology program
(Pathfinder) will be oriented toward a Presidential decision on a
focused program of manned exploration of the solar system.

          -- Unmanned Exploration.  NASA will continue to
pursue a program of unmanned exploration where such exploration
can most efficiently and effectively satisfy national space
objectives by among other things:  achieving scientific
objectives where human presence is undesirable or unnecessary;
exploring realms where the risks or costs of life support are
unacceptable; and providing data vital to support future manned
missions.

          Permanent Manned Presence.  NASA will develop the Space
Station to achieve permanently manned operational capability by
the mid-1990s.  Space Station Freedom will:  (1) Contribute to
United States preeminence in critical aspects of manned
spaceflight; (2) provide support and stability to scientific and
technological investigations; (3) provide early benefits,
particularly in the materials and life sciences; (4) promote
private sector experimentation preparatory to independent
commercial activity; (5) allow evolution in keeping with the
needs of Station users and the long-term goals of the United
States; (6) provide opportunities for commercial sector
participation; and (7) contribute to the longer term goal of
expanding human presence and activity beyond Earth orbit into
the solar system.

          Manned Spaceflight Preeminence.  Approved programs such
as efforts to improve and safely operate the Space Transportation
System (STS) and to develop, deploy, and use the Space Station,
are intended to ensure United States preeminence in critical
aspects of manned spaceflight.


--
This space reserved.                                     Space Not Reserved.
Space Commercialization Office, Space Systems Division, Los Angeles AFB, CA.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Marc Ringuette)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: The dope on the Space-tech list
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:45:36 GMT
Organization: Carnegie-Mellon University, CS/RI


In response to the recent queries:

The space-tech mailing list has been operational for a year and a half, and
has about 200 participants.  We discuss technology for space exploration and
development, emphasizing physics and engineering ideas.  We're not leery of
far-out concepts - solar sails, launch loops - but also have had some
discussion on amateur satellite efforts and other technology efforts that
are relevant right now.

Everyone is welcome to join, but we ask that you be willing to put in a
little leg-work now and then - look up some references, or do some
calculations.  We've found that a little extra effort gives a big payoff
in quality.  We particularly welcome people who have areas of interest or
expertise they'd like to discuss.  Several of the people who started up the
list have exhausted their pet ideas, so let's get some new blood!

To join or ask for more info, send mail to:

       [e-mail]  (Internet)

Include your name, net address, and any areas of interest you might want
to point out.  Traffic on the list varies from 0 to 10 messages per week.
I send out a digest every 5-10 messages for those who prefer that format,
and I archive the back issues.


\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
 \\\ Marc Ringuette \\\ Carnegie Mellon University, Comp. Sci. Dept. \\\
  \\\ [e-mail] \\\ Pittsburgh, PA 15213.  Phone [phone](w) \\\
   \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 29 Jan 90 01:14:32 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Larry Wall) writes:
>: >Also, I heard someone mention a local problem
>: >of heat pollution adversely affecting the ecology
>: >of Cape Canaveral...
>:
>Where are the LOX and LH made, and how many calories does one put into the
>environment to make them?  How efficient is the process?  I could well
>imagine it warming up a stream or bay somewhat, somewhere...

Turns out to be surprisingly hard to get an answer on this; the usual
references don't discuss propellant production in detail.  The lack of
facilities for it on KSC/Cape maps indicates that production is done
elsewhere, which would be my guess anyway since NASA doesn't use that
much by industrial standards.  Almost certainly the propellants come
in by barge, which is how most NASA heavy transport is done.

Liquid oxygen is made by fractional distillation of liquid air.  Liquid
hydrogen is usually made by reacting hydrocarbons with high-temperature
steam, although electrolysis of water is sometimes used.  None of these
processes is spectacularly efficient, but again most of their output
will probably be going to industrial applications (particularly in the
case of LOX) and the space program isn't likely to be a major contributor
to local environmental problems.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Michael Tighe)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Blackbird
Keywords: SR-71 Blackbird
Date: 30 Jan 90 13:42:13 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Michael Tighe)
Organization: North Carolina Supercomputing Center

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Stickster) writes:
>   The published service ceiling of the Blackbird is nowhere near what
>the airplane is capable of.  Even Jane's can't say what it is, they don't
>know, and probably never will. The AF won't say.

How do you know this? About the only information I have seen about the
ceiling of the plane is what Belenko has said, which was that it could fly
"much higher" than 27,000(?) meters.
--
Michael Tighe, [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA announces Payload Specialists for Spacelab IML-1 mission (Forwarded)
Date: 20 Jan 90 02:10:31 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Charles Redmond
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 19, 1990

Debra Rahn
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.


RELEASE:  90-9

NASA ANNOUNCES PAYLOAD SPECIALISTS FOR SPACELAB IML-1 MISSION

     NASA today announced, after consultation with the Canadian
Space Agency (CSA) and the European Space Agency (ESA), that Dr.
Ulf D. Merbold, ESA, and Dr. Roberta L. Bondar, CSA, have been
designated as the prime flight payload specialists for the first
International Microgravity Laboratory mission (IML-1) aboard the
Space Shuttle Columbia currently scheduled for launch in December
1990.

     Dr. Kenneth E. Money, CSA, and Dr. Roger K. Crouch, NASA
Headquarters, have been selected as the backup payload
specialists.  Dr. Money and Dr. Crouch will be principle
communicators with the laboratory during the mission from the
Payload Operations Control Center at the Marshall Space Flight
Center, Huntsville, Ala.  They also will train for the payload
mission such that they could substitute for Dr. Bondar and Dr.
Merbold should they be unable to fly the mission.

     These Payload Specialist designations were made based on
recommendations of the IML-1 Investigators Working Group.

     IML-1 is the first of a series of microgravity
investigations using the Spacelab module.  An international team
consisting of over 200 investigators from more than a dozen
countries will focus on materials and life sciences, two
disciplines needing crew participation and access to reduced
gravity.  IML-1 will use the Spacelab long module and is a
dedicated microgravity mission.

     The investigations will use four life sciences experiment
facilities, designed for multiple experiments, including biorack,
gravitational plant physiology facility, microgravity vestibular
investigations and space physiology experiments.

     Six materials experiment facilities also will be used,
including fluid experiment system, vapor crystal growth system,
mercury-iodide crystal growth system, organic crystal growth
facility, the critical point facility and protein crystal growth
facilities.  These multi-experiment facilities have been built by
the U.S., European, Canadian and Japanese investigators and
organizations.

     In addition to the experiments which require these multiuser
facilities, two other life science and three other materials
science experiments with unique hardware will fly aboard IML-1.

     Columbia will fly in a 165 nautical mile-high, 28.5 degree
orbit.  Mission duration is planned for 9 days.  A 10th day will
be flown if flight resources allow.

     The orbiter will fly in a "gravity gradient" attitude (tail
toward Earth) thereby producing the least gravitational
disturbances on the Spacelab during the mission flight duration.

     The crew will consist of the two payload specialists and two
payload-oriented mission specialists, Dr. Mary L. Cleave and Dr.
Norman E. Thagard; Mission Commander, Colonel Ronald J. Grabe,
USAF; Pilot, Stephan S. Oswald; and a 3rd general mission
specialist, William F. Readdy.

     The IML series is intended as an ongoing international
research program in materials and life sciences in a microgravity
environment.  The program is managed by NASA's Office of Space
Science and Applications' Flight Systems Division, Washington,
D.C.  Wayne Richie is the IML-1 Program Manager and Dr. Ronald
White, Life Sciences Division, is the Program Scientist.

     The IML-1 Mission Manager is Robert McBrayer and the Mission
Scientist is Dr. Robert Snyder, both from the Marshall Space
Flight Center.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (102SMI)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Keywords: a "real-time" unix system: LynxOS
Date: 20 Jan 90 17:22:13 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Daniel Pezely)
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: University of Delaware

The Jan 15th issue of Digital Review had an artical about NASA choosing
LynxOS for Space Station Freedom.  This article was in the Business &
Industry section.

LynxOS is a real-time implementation of Unix.  (Some Unix systems people
would argue that real-time Unix is not true UNIX.  Followup to comp.unix.* )

LynxOS was chosen by IBM, which is the systems subcontractor under the
primary contractor, McDonnell Douglas Space Systems.


I wouldn't mind being the system administrator on a space station...
...that would be one way to get to space.  :-)

-Daniel
Daniel Pezely <[e-mail]> (NSFnet) 728 Bent Ln, Newark, DE 19711 USA
Comp Sci Lab, 102 Smith Hall, Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 302/451-6339
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jon Jacky)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Defective Software?
Keywords: Bugs, Errors, software, Space Shuttle, Mariner, Phobos, Voyager
Date: 22 Jan 90 02:41:03 GMT
Organization: U of Washington, Computer Science, Seattle

Henry Melton ([e-mail]) asks,

> in the course materials (for a software training course) there is a table
> ... of how costly minor software errors can be.  ... the demonstration
> sounds cooked.  Can someone enlighten me ... ?

Most of these are garbled versions of real incidents, so your intuition is
correct.  Here is what I know about these incidents, with references:

> 1981 Shuttle launch postponed two days; cause - miscoded delay factor

Mostly right.  The problem was a synchronization error in the software that
was supposed to synchronize the several redundant shuttle processors.  I can't
recall whether the synchronization problem reduced to a delay or something
more complicated.  This is a very interesting incident, turned out the system
had a 1 in 67 chance of coming up in an unsynchronized state that the software
couldn't deal with, which is why NASA hadn't found it in thousands of hours of
testing and simulation.   Also, the error derived from a programmer's failure
to understand the consequences of a fix he made to code that was itself a
fix installed years earlier (It's things like this that make people say the
SDI software effort is doomed). The incident is described in two very good
papers by NASA people:

Jack R. Garman, "The Bug Heard Round the World", ACM Software Engineering
Notes, vol 6 no 5 Oct. 1981.

Communications of the ACM, vol 27 no. 9, Sept. 1984.  This is a special
issue on computing aboard the Space Shuttle.  One of the articles is
an interview with several of the software people and that is the article
where the bug is discussed.

> 70's - US launched satellite towards Sun rather than Mars.  Cause -
>     missing semi-colon

I've never heard or seen any reference to this.  Probably a garbled version
of the Mariner I story (see below).  Incidentally, it was true that the
Russians lost contact with one of their Phobos probes to Mars recently when
ground controllers uploaded bad instructions to an onboard controller.  I
don't have the reference at hand but it was widely reported in the news, and
I did save the clipping.  I recall that was a single-character error.

Alternatively, this could be a garbled version of what happened to one of
the Voyager landers on the surface of Mars.  Contact was finally lost when
an erroneous command was sent from Earth which caused Voyager's antenna
to be pointed away from Earth (thereby preventing any further communications
from occuring).  I don't have the reference at hand but I have the clipping
somewhere; it was a full page story in AVIATION WEEK in about 1981.

> 70's - simultaneous destruction of several weather satellites. Cause -
>     missing parenthesis

In the account I have, a single French meteorogical satellite was supposed
to issue a "read" instruction to some high altitude weather balloons but
instead ordered an "emergency self-destruct".  72 out of 141 balloons were
destroyed.  This account appears in Nancy Leveson, "Software Safety: Why, What
and How," ACM Computing Surveys, vol 18, no 2, pps. 126-163 (this story on
p. 130).  Leveson cites "Blown Balloons" (no author) AVIATION WEEK AND SPACE
TECHNOLOGY, Sept. 20 1971, p. 17.   Nothing about missing parentheses in
Leveson's paper, haven't seen the AV WEEK story.

> 1962 - Mariner I mission to Venus launch rocket off course.  Cause - missing
>    hyphen

This very commonly retold story is also not quite right.  Turns out that
it was a missing *bar* from the guidance equations, where the bar indicated
that a particular signal was supposed to be averaged, or smoothed.  Somewhere
in the process the bar was left off the handwritten guidance equations and
the control program was coded to use the raw, unsmoothed data - which turned
out not to work on that particular mission only, because of another hardware
fault.

In fairness to many sources that tell the "missing hyphen" version, that is
what appeared in the NEW YORK TIMES story the day after Mariner I was blown
up by range safety officers.   The real story appears in the book, BEYOND
THE LIMITS: FLIGHT ENTERS THE COMPUTER AGE, by Paul E. Ceruzzi, MIT Press,
1989.  This story appears on pages 202 - 203.  Ceruzzi also discusses a
version of the story that is very widespread - it appears in some textbooks -
and is apparently totally bogus, where replacement of a comma with a period
in a FORTRAN DO-loop statement caused the accident.

> Source: Frank Tatom, A Model for Estimating the Cost of Typographical
> Errors in Software Development, IEEE COMPSAC 86

Just goes to show that stuff you see in the scientific literature isn't
always correct.  It would be interesting to see if Tatom cites any references
or says these are just commonly heard tales.  There are certainly a lot of
real bug stories in aerospace and in the world at large, but they do tend to
get very garbled.  It would be a good thing if people made some attempt to
track down original sources and get things right, rather than just repeating
what they've heard.

All the sources I've mentioned in this message are very good and would be
interesting in their own right to many readers of this digest.  Another
source of bug stories, many of them correct, is Peter Neumann's RISKS
digest (comp.risks on Usenet) which is summarized in print in Peter's
column in ACM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING NOTES.

Another recent source on space computing, which I haven't yet read but
which looks good, is Myron Kayton, "Avionics for Manned Spacecraft",
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, vol 25 no 6,
NOv. 1989, pages 786 - 827.  It covers every manned spacecraft from the
X-15 through the space station and includes a four-page annotated
bibliography.

- Jon Jacky, University of Washington,  [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Salyut 7
Date: 23 Jan 90 02:39:39 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Organization: Scalp Tonic Interdiction Agency

[e-mail] (Andrew J Hasara) writes:
>     The station will reenter on it's own within 3-4years, but the Soviets are
>expecting to use a Progress or Soyuz to deorbit the station into the ocean,
>lest it come down on some poor Aussie's head :-).

No.  Australia is reserved for dumping American space junk.  The Soviets
dump theirs on Canada.  I'm not sure where everyone else [ESA, Chinese,
Japanese, etc] dump their stuff.

---
Dan Tilque    --    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: LDEF Data
Date: 23 Jan 90 09:46:54 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (USENET Administrator;;;;ZU44)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Organization: University of California, Berkeley
Summary:Anyone got any inside lines?

Does anyone ahve any data form the preliminary inspections of LDEF yet?
I'm really interested [and not alone] in how the various materials
fared.  Post it if you find it...

Thanks,
george william herbert
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (A man and his sword)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Temperature of Space?
Keywords: superconductors space
Date: 23 Jan 90 21:33:23 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (A man and his sword)
Organization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester ,MA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Rasmus Lerdorf) writes:
>How hot is space, or more appropriate, how cold is space?  What are the
>temperature ranges in a shielded and non-shielded environment?
>
>I am asking because I am interested in the feasibility of superconductors in
>space.  We have the technology for low-temperature superconductors and if
>the temperature in space is down below 50K in a shielded environment, there
>would be a possibility of using existing superconductor technology in space.
>I would appreciate any comments on superconductor usage in space as well.
>
>--
>Rasmus Lerdorf  {uunet|clyde|utai}!watmath!watcsc!rasmus  2A Systems Design Eng


    Space is essentialy a vaccum.  What that means is that there is nothing
  to transmit heat from a hot part of space to a cold part of space.
  Temperatures range so much in a vaccum it is incredible.  The two main
  factors that I can see in what temperature a region of space is are
  how close the region is to the nearest star (for simplicity's sake,
  I'll confine this discussion to our system), and if anything is in
  the way between said region and the sun.  Mercury, the closest planet,
  is usually, if memory serves, around 2000 degrees Celcius on the surface.
  Pluto, on the other hand, is not only about 3 billion miles away, but at
  various times has the other eight planets in the way, offering very little
  heat.  Even the different sides of the moon vary in vast degrees of
  temperature.  Mind you, all this knowledge is gleaned from space books
  designed for the minds of 8 year olds, which was how old I remember
  being.  There is bound to be more supported data from some science
  facility with a unix link-up incoming, and I would welcome it as much
  as you would.  Hope this helped.

                    --Curt

*******************************************************************************
*  [e-mail]   *        on IRC        *           This space        *
*  Curt R Lindmark       *       Defender       *         intentionally       *
*  Born to be strange    *  A man and his sword *           left blank        *
*******************************************************************************
*     Worcester Pyschiatric .... er, Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA     *
*               Engineered like no other students in the world                *
*******************************************************************************
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Anthony Lee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: RTG on the Galileo, is it really dangerous ?
Date: 24 Jan 90 01:12:32 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Distribution: sci

This might have been mention already, but I just came across an article
in "The Institute" which is a IEEE publication.  The particular article
I am referring was published in Dec 1989 (Vol 13 No 12) and was written
by Trudy E. Bell.  In the article Bell stated that the fuel for the RTG
on the Galileo was plutonium 238 which only emits alpha particles, further
more the plutonium dioxide is insoluble in ground water and designed not
to break up into particles small enough to be inhaled.

If that's the case what have the anti-plutonium-fueled RTGs groups got
to complain about ?

--
Anthony Lee (Humble PhD student) (Alias Time Lord Doctor)
ACSnet:    [e-mail]    TEL:+(61)-7-371-2651
Internet: [e-mail]        +(61)-7-377-4139 (w)
SNAIL: Dept Comp. Science, University of Qld, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Mark Robert Thorson)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Manned Lunar Mission In 1959 ???
Date: 23 Jan 90 06:07:16 GMT
Organization: The Portal System (TM)

Light reading around the Thorson house is THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE REPORT
ON THE BALLISTIC MISSILE (1958), and I found some rather astonishing quotes
in transcripts of testimony before Congress in December 1957 and January 1958:

MAJOR GENERAL BERNARD A. SCHRIEVER:  There is no manned satellite program
authorized at this time.  I would prefer not to say anything more about
the program that has been under discussion, which Mr. Horner covered, because
of its classification.
MR. WEISL:  I think the Senator is talking about the X-15 which was discussed.
GENERAL SCHRIEVER:  Oh, this is not a satellite.  This is a rocket-propelled
experimental airplane.
SENATOR BARRETT:  Yes, I understand that, General, but I was thinking about
an extension of the X-15, and it would be perfectly agreeable to wait for
executive session.
GENERAL SHRIEVER:  Well, I think I can say something about certain things
that appear possible in the not too distant future with the hardware that
is now in the ballistic missile programs.
SENATOR BARRETT:  That is what I had in mind.
GENERAL SCHRIEVER:  You can take the Thor, the Jupiter, the Atlas, and the
Titan, and they all make perfect boosters, some of them better than others,
and there is existing hardware for second stages available today that would
put into orbit considerably greater weights than we are talking about in our
current satellite programs.  And these could then be followed by experimental
recovery flights initially.  You could even get to the moon by 1959.

And:

GENERAL SCHRIEVER:  The Titan booster when developed plus high-energy
second and third stages could put much greater weights into orbit and
could provide extended manned satellite missions.  This vehicle could
provide manned flight around the moon and back to the earth.
    Many far-reaching potential capabilities are apparent as we look
more into the future and develop the possibilities of thermonuclear
propulsion and payloads up to hundreds of tons.  These few specific
examples of capabilities now at hand and their times of realization,
however, strongly emphasize the requirement for initiating these
projects immediately if we are to have any chance of leading in space
technology in the 1965-1970 time period.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Larry Setlow)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.aeronautics
Subject: Final Flight of a Blackbird (Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD)
Date: 24 Jan 90 06:07:58 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Followup-To: sci.aeronautics
Organization: Center for Process Analytical Chemistry, U of Wash, Seattle
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16981 sci.aeronautics:432
In-reply-to: [e-mail]'s message of 20 Jan 90 03:02:29 GMT

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:
   The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher than
   the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably exceeds
   that of the Foxbat.

From the 22 Jan AvWeek:
"The flight test [SR-71] aircraft (tail number 17972) currently holds
the world's absolute speed and sustained ceiling records, and is
scheduled to be delivered to the Smithsonian National Air and Space
Museum in late February.  The museum has requested that this be a
record-setting flight."

Maybe -- just maybe -- we'll see what the plane can really do.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: STS-32 post-flight crew press conference (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 20:15:12 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Ed Campion
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 24, 1990

Jeffrey Carr
Johnson Space Center, Houston


N90-6
NOTE TO EDITORS:  STS-32 POST-FLIGHT CREW PRESS CONFERENCE


     The astronaut crew of Shuttle mission STS-32 will meet with
news media next week to discuss their recent flight which
featured the deployment of a SYNCOM-IV satellite and the
retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF).

     The news conference will be held at 2 p.m. EST, Tuesday,
January 30, at the Johnson Space Center and will be broadcast
live on NASA Select television.  Accredited media who wish to
participate may do so in the building 2 briefing room at JSC, or
via support audio from other NASA field centers.

     NASA Select programming is carried on RCA SATCOM F2R,
transponder 13, located 72 degrees West Longitude.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Michael J. Hammel)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Japanese craft to the moon
Date: 24 Jan 90 23:21:39 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Michael J. Hammel)
Organization: Dell Computer Corp.
Posted: Wed Jan 24 17:21:39 1990

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Chris Irie) writes:
>
> The CBC reported this morning that there are two probes aboard that
will    go into lunar orbit. They also said that this happens in MARCH. I
could        have sworn that the moon was closer than that.
>
On CompuServe's Space Forum I believe someone mentioned that the two
probes are in one package that is actually in an highly elliptical
earth orbit that will actually pass by the moon.  At that point one of the
probes will be dropped off to orbit the moon while the other continues
the somewhat strange earth orbit.  Take that with a grain of salt.  I'm
the last person to call an expert on this stuff.  :-)

Michael J. Hammel   | internet:[e-mail]
Dell Computer Corp. | Also: ...!dell!mikeh  or [e-mail]
"I know engineers, they looooove to change things" L. McCoy
Disclaimer equ standard
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Science payload commanders named; Carter replaces Cleave on IML-1
Date: 25 Jan 90 22:05:15 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 25, 1990

Jeffrey Carr
Johnson Space Center, Houston


RELEASE:  90-13

SCIENCE PAYLOAD COMMANDERS NAMED; CARTER REPLACES CLEAVE ON IML-1


     In a move to provide long range leadership in the
development and planning of payload crew science activities, four
Space Shuttle mission specialists currently assigned to STS
missions have been designated as payload commanders.

     The payload commanders will have overall crew responsibility
for the planning, integration and on-orbit coordination
ofpayload/Space Shuttle activities on their mission.  The crew
commander will retain overall responsibility for mission success
and safety of flight.

     Named as payload commander for STS-42, the first flight of
the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-01) set for late
1990, is mission specialist Norman E. Thagard, M.D.  In addition,
Navy Capt. Manley L. "Sonny" Carter, M.D., has been named as a
mission specialist on the IML crew, replacing Mary L. Cleave,
Ph.D., who has resigned her flight assignment for personal
reasons.

     Kathryn D. Sullivan, Ph.D., will serve as payload commander
for STS-45, the first flight of the Atmospheric Laboratory for
Applications and Science (ATLAS-01), slated for launch in 1991.

     Payload commander for STS-46 is Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Ph.D.
The STS-46 mission, set for 1991, will feature the first flights
of the European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA), developed by the
European Space Agency, and the Tethered Satellite System, a joint
project between NASA and the Italian space agency, Agenzia
Spaziale Italiana.

     Air Force Lt. Col. Mark Lee will be the payload commander on
mission STS-47 for Spacelab-J, a joint science venture between
NASA and the Japanese National Space Development Agency, NASDA,
also in 1991.

     Future assignments of payload commanders normally will be
made in advance of the remainder of the flight crew in order to
help identify and resolve training issues and operational
constraints prior to crew training.

     The role of the payload commander also is expected to serve
as a foundation for the development of a space station mission
commander concept.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 21 Jan 90 21:39:54 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet



Dale M. Greer writes:
>damage.  Ice crystals act as an adsorptive surface for the CFC's which
>somehow makes them even more active in destroying ozone.  The Antarctic
>ozone hole closes up during southern hemisphere summer when the high
>altitude ice clouds are not present.

In a recent Science article "Evidence of the mid-latitude impact of
Antarctic ozone depletion" (27 July 89, p 290) the abstract states:

"The 1987 Antarctic Airborne Ozone Expedition established that the
springtime depletion of Antarctic ozone is due to photochemical
destruction following a preconditioning phase involving heterogeneous
reactions on polar stratospheric clouds.  Ozone destruction is
concentrated in the cold Antarctic stratospheric vortex of winter and
early spring, where these clouds occur."
---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Temperature of Space?
Summary: Cryogenic IR telescopes in space
Date: 28 Jan 90 04:16:16 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Organization: University of Rochester Computer Science Department
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17065 sci.astro:6565

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:

>A large part of IRAS's launch weight was a great big tank of liquid helium.
>When that boiled dry, ten months or so later, IRAS died.  I don't recall
>the solar wind being a significant issue; a sunshade kept solar radiation
>at bay and internal insulation avoided too much trouble with heat conduction
>from electronics (etc.) at more normal temperatures.

An important source of heat for low orbit cryogenic telescopes is the
Earth.  Plans for one of the four "great observatories", the Space
Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), were last year revamped so the
scope would be in a 100,000 km orbit (to be deployed there by a
Titan), rather than in low orbit.  The resulting decrease in thermal
input reduced the mass of SIRTF quite a bit, to a bit over a ton.  The
liquid helium is projected to last five years, at which point the
telescope stops working, but the useful science will be greater
because the scope could be used essentially all the time.  In LEO
telescopes are hampered by the rapidity with which targets fall
beneath the horizon (HST will be useful maybe 1/3 of the time).

It's interesting how what started as the Shuttle Infrared Telescope
Facility has mutated into something entirely independent of manned
spaceflight.

    Paul F. Dietz
    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Steve Willner, OIR)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: SIRTF (was Temperature of Space?)
Date: 29 Jan 90 19:27:08 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Followup-To: sci.space
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17079 sci.astro:6585

From article <[e-mail]>, by
[e-mail] (Paul Dietz):
> An important source of heat for low orbit cryogenic telescopes is the
> Earth.  Plans for one of the four "great observatories", the Space
> Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), were last year revamped so the
> scope would be in a 100,000 km orbit (to be deployed there by a
> Titan), rather than in low orbit.  The resulting decrease in thermal
> input reduced the mass of SIRTF quite a bit, to a bit over a ton.  The
> liquid helium is projected to last five years

The lifetime (without refilling the helium tank) was about 1.5 years
in LEO.  The difference in HEO is that the Earth will be an almost
insignificant heat source.

However, the SIRTF mass was essentially unchanged by the new orbit.  The
mass is pretty closely coupled to the telescope size, which is still 85
cm.  (I can't find the actual mass right now, but I'll dig it out if
there's interest.  Memory says about 6 tons.  The current mass is OK,
but the project team is worried because there's no margin for increase.)

> In LEO
> telescopes are hampered by the rapidity with which targets fall
> beneath the horizon (HST will be useful maybe 1/3 of the time).

Not to mention the difficulty in defining a "safe" pointing direction
that satisfies all the constraints!  Efficiency in HEO should be 2-3
times as great as in LEO; this factor is in addition to the longer
lifetime.  (And perhaps best of all, the comm link goes through DSN
instead of TDRSS.)

> It's interesting how what started as the Shuttle Infrared Telescope
> Facility has mutated into something entirely independent of manned
> spaceflight.

Actually, this is the fourth orbit for SIRTF.  The first three were:
 1976: shuttle attached, "sortie mode"
 early 1984: free flyer, sun-synchronous orbit (like IRAS and COBE)
 late 1984: free flyer, 28.5 degree inclination orbit, 900 km altitude

(A variant of the third would be attachment to the space station or to
the "co-orbiting platform," but that was never officially included in
the mission plans.)

And I think Earth-Sun L2 is still under consideration.  (It allows
an even smaller "exclusion zone" for selecting targets, but the comm
antenna and maybe solar arrays have to be steerable.)

In other SIRTF news, project management responsibility was just
transferred from NASA Ames to JPL.  (This was done just before Ames
released the RFP for Phase B studies.)  Officially SIRTF is still on
schedule for an FY '93 new start (1998 launch), but my personal opinion
is that it will be delayed at least a year.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Steve Willner            Phone [phone]         Bitnet:   willner@cfa
60 Garden St.            FTS:      830-7123           UUCP:   willner@cfa
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA                 Internet: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD FLIES LAST MISSION
Date: 22 Jan 90 10:50:00 GMT
Nf-ID: #R:<[e-mail].:-36:uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:110700013:000:1492
Nf-From: uxa.cso.uiuc.edu!sfn20715    Jan 21 23:15:00 1990


/* Written  9:02 pm  Jan 19, 1990 by [e-mail] in uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:sci.space */
In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>Please the Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird is not the fastest/highest flying plane,
>the MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat can fly approx. 30% higher and the North American
>X-15A-2 300% higher and 100% faster. Even though take-off is not achieved under
>it's own power this does not make it any less remarkable.

The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher than
the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably exceeds
that of the Foxbat.  (We're talking sustained altitude here, not zoom climbs.)

If one allows craft that drop pieces on the way up (in the way that the
X-15s dropped a B-52 :-) and the X-15A-2 dropped external tanks), then
the X-15A-2 is nowhere near the record holder for either speed or altitude.
The Apollo spacecraft holds the record, with Gemini second and the shuttle
orbiter third.  (Before you complain that Apollo and Gemini were not
aircraft, they were in fact lifting bodies at hypersonic speed, and used
their lift to fly fairly complicated reentry trajectories.)  International
rules for aircraft records forbid dropping anything except human waste.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
/* End of text from uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:sci.space */
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/22/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 22 Jan 90 18:58:36 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, January 22, 1990                     Audio:  202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------

This is NASA Headline News for Monday, January 22......

The space shuttle Columbia is being readied for its return trip
to Kennedy Space Center...after its landing at Edwards Air Force
Base Saturday morning, completing an 11-day flight...the longest
in shuttle history.

If processing remains on schedule, the orbiter will begin a
two-day flight aboard the 747-carrier aircraft, on Thursday
morning.  Once Columbia arrives back at the Cape, techincians
will remove the Long Duration Exposure Facility from its cargo
bay.


At Kennedy Space Center...technicians will remove the right solid
rocket booster from the mobile launch platform tomorrow, and
replace it with a new one which was shipped from Thiokol's
factory in Utah last Friday.  Engineers decided to change the
segment and nozzle because they could not verify that a critical
joint in the SRB nozzle had been properly leak checked at the
factory.  As a result, launch of the STS-31 mission to deploy the
Hubble Space Telescope has been rescheduled for no earlier than
April 19.

Meanwhile...the orbiter Atlantis is scheduled to be rolled out to
launch pad 39A on Thursday, January 25.  It is scheduled to fly a
classified Department of Defense mission next month.












                            **********











-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events on NASA
Select television.  All times are Eastern.

Wednesday, Jan. 24.....


     5:55 P.M.                 Delta launch of a GPS satellite
                               from Cape Canaveral AFS.

Thursday, Jan. 25......

     8:00 A.M.                 Rollout of the orbiter atlantis
                               to pad 39-A.

    11:30 A.M.                 NASA Update will be transmitted.

Monday, Jan. 29........

     1:00 P.M.                 FY '91 budget briefing from 6th
                               floor auditorium, NASA HQ.

All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch (LPC) NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Mike Peltier)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Keywords: a "real-time" unix system: LynxOS
Date: 22 Jan 90 05:00:00 GMT
Organization: University of Michigan Engineering:  Ann Arbor, Michigan

What would it's domain name be?
Hmmm...
    freedom.nasa.gov?
    freedom.orbit.earth.sol?

What about TCP connections?

    % ftp freedom.nasa.gov
    Sorry, freedom.nasa.gov is on the other side of the planet,
    try back in 45 minutes.
    %

It could get it's newsfeeds from machines all over the world...


But seriously...
What kind of hardware will it be running?  How does the performance
of the space-worthy processors compare with earthbound ones?
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Robert McGwier)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Anniversary of Australis OSCAR-5
Date: 23 Jan 90 18:02:45 GMT
Organization: idacrd, princeton, nj

From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Dave Horsfall):
> [ Perhaps someone can cross-post this to rec.ham-radio ]
>
> Tuesday 23rd January 1990 is the 20th anniversary of the launching of
> Australis OSCAR-5, an Amateur radio satellite designed and built by a
> team at Melbourne University, Australia, from 1965 to 1967.  After some
> setbacks, it was launched on January 23rd 1970, on a NASA rocket.  This
> was the first OSCAR to be launched by NASA; previous models were
> launched by the US Air Force.
>

Two days before this, a fitting tribute to Australis-OSCAR 5 was the
launch of UOS-OSCAR 14,15 and AMSAT-OSCAR 16,17,18,19 and the anniversary
was prominently mentioned in our coverage of the launch.  After AO-5
we have gone to other international partnerships.  The customs problems
have not gotten better, they have gotton worse.  Now AMSAT is a registered
munitions dealer because satellite technology is covered under munitions
by the Department of Commerce in the states.  You can imagine the
headaches of this last launch with us working with Argentia, Brazil,
France, and we are getting ready to help the AMSAT-Italy group build
there own Microsat.  I wish this could somehow be made easier!

Bob

--
____________________________________________________________________________
    My opinions are my own no matter    |    Robert W. McGwier, N4HY
    who I work for! ;-)            |    CCR, AMSAT, etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/24/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 18:30:55 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, January 24, 1990                   Audio: 202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------


This is NASA Headline News for Wednesday, January 24.....


Four major aerospace firms say they will stop competing against
each other for the federally-funded National Aerospace Plane
program and cooperate in the development of the experimental X-30
research aircraft.  General Dynamics, McDonnell Douglas, Rockwell
International and United Technologies say the unusual joint
effort will cut costs and increase the likelihood that the
program will be successful.  The program has been on shaky ground
with Congress for several years.   Congress has appropriated $254
million for fiscal 1990.  The Wall Street Journal reports NASA
and the Air Force are expected to okay the joint effort within
the next few weeks.


Rollout to the launch pad of the space shuttle orbiter Atlantis
is targeted for 8:00 A.M., Eastern time, tomorrow.  The terminal
countdown demonstration test with the STS-36 flight crew is now
scheduled for February 2 and 3.


Meanwhile at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility at Edwards,
California, ground crews are making final preparations for the
ferry flight of the orbiter Columbia...carrying the Long Duration
Exposure Facility in its payload bay...back to Kennedy Space
Center.  Columbia...atop the 747 carrier aircraft...is scheduled
to depart Thursday morning and arrive at the Cape Friday
afternoon.


NASA's fiscal '91 budget will be revealed Monday, January 29.  a
briefing will be held at 1:00 P. M., Eastern time, at NASA
Headquarters in Washington.  It will be carried on NASA Select
Tv.


A McDonnell Douglas Delta booster is scheduled to launch a Global
Positioning System satellite into orbit later today.  Launch is
scheduled for 5:55 P.M. from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.


The Japanese Space Agency launched a scientific spacecraft toward
the moon today.   The launch was delayed yesterday when a motor
nozzle control system malfunction was detected just 18 seconds
before launch from the Uchinoura Launch Facility.

                  *        *        *          *



-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events on NASA
Select TV.   All times are Eastern.


Thursday, January 25......


    8:00 A.M.     Rollout of Atlantis to pad 39A.

   11:30 A.M.     NASA Update will be transmitted.



Monday, January 29....

    1:00 P.M.     Fiscal 1991 budget briefing at NASA
                  Headquarters in Washington, D.C.




All events and times are subject to change without notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch (LPC), NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Brion Johnson)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Name for Shuttle Carrying Aircraft
Summary: Some names
Keywords: SCA, Space Shuttle, Support equipment
Date: 24 Jan 90 19:10:05 GMT
Expires: 15 Feb 90 08:00:00 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Brion Johnson)
Followup-To: Sender
Distribution: all
Organization: The Grass Valley Group, Grass Valley, CA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Mary Shafer (OFV)) writes:
>Let the naming begin!

YES!

"America" because it is carrying the hopes of this country. (Sigh 8-)

"Langley" after the first US Aircraft Carrier, commissioned in 1922.

"Kanga" after the mommy element of the "Kanga" and "Roo" pair from
Milne's "Winnie the Pooh"

"Proxima Centuri" just to get our sights on the stars.

"Prairie Schooner" after an affectionate name for old west wagons, and
since it spends a lot of time crossing the prairie.

"Karen" in memory of Karen Carpenter, and the song legacy she left us.

"Prometheus" - Carrying the fire (burner).

First installment...

Brion
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Japanese lunar probe (Was: NASA Headline News for 01/25/90)
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:30:36 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jim Barnes) writes:
>Can anyone explain why it will take nearly two months for the Japanese
>lunar probe to reach the vicinity of the Moon?

Because it's a tiny afterthought added on a magnetospheric-science mission
that has its own job to do.  That just happens to be the right timing for
the lunar flyby that the main mission is using for an orbit change.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Payload Status for 01/29/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 00:28:42 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Daily Status/KSC Payload Management and Operations 01-29-90



- STS-31 HST (at VPF) -

Successfully completed the orbiter/HST end to end test
over the weekend.

- STS-32r SYNCOM (at Pad A) -

Preparations for download of LDEF/SYNCOM ASE remain on
schedule and the canister/transporter and strongback will
be moved into position at OPF bay 1 this morning.

- STS-35 ASTRO-1/BBXRT (at O&C) -

Ordnance connection and safing, heat shrink verification,
and hoist of rotation device & frame from CITE stand are
completed.  Saturday completed installation of the igloo
cover.  Leak check of igloo was completed.  Repaired fire
suppression cable on IPS.  NSI installation was performed
on Sunday.

- STS-40 SLS-1 (at O&C) -

Module MLI installation, pyrell foam replacement, ECS water
loop operations continue.  Rack 3 and 4 mods continue and are
expected to be completed today.  On Saturday rack 9 bellows
installation was completed.  Rack 10 & 4 inlet weld repair
was completed.  A rack 3 bent L bracket on ECLS duct was
repaired.  A FSS electrical test was performed.

- STS-42 IML (at O&C) -

Removal of rack 7 from handling frame is complete.  Rack
transportation container lid installation is complete.  Rack
9 structural mod work continues.  On Saturday rack 3, 4, 5, 8
and 11 mod work was performed.

- STS-45 Atlas-1 (at O&C) -

Pallet trunnion removal/installation was worked.  Installation
of the connector brackets was accomplished for pallet 1.
Trunnion removal has been started.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Payload Status for 01/30/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 20:54:21 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Daily Status/KSC Payload Management and Operations 01-30-90



- STS-31 HST (at VPF) -

EGSE was moved to the pad, cleaned and staged into the
PCR.  Disconnect of the HST batteries is complete.
Installation of the CU/SDF is complete.

- STS-32R SYNCOM (at pad a) -

Download operations are 4 hours behind schedule.  Strongback
and canister/transporter were moved into OPF bay 1 yesterday.
Payload bay doors were opened at 0230 this morning.  Payload
removal is planned for early second shift and move to the O&C
is tomorrow.

- STS-35 ASTRO-1/BBXRT (at O&C) -

UNWRAP of BBXRT is complete.  Closed loop testing was worked
and completed.  Igloo belt and lug cover MLI installation is
complete.

- STS-40 SLS-1 (at O&C) -

Module MLI installation, pyrell replacement, ECS water
loop operations continue.  Modification of three EPDB's began
yesterday.  MLI closeout work and optical property work was
picked up yesterday.  Plan to mate rack 6 today.

- STS-42 IML (at O&C) -

Rack 3 & 5 structural mods were worked yesterday.

- STS-45 Atlas-1 (at O&C) -

Flight pallet trunnion installation is complete.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Payload Status for 01/31/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 31 Jan 90 21:58:20 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Daily Status/KSC Payload Management and Operations 01-31-90

- STS-31 HST (at VPF) -

SI C&DH installation was completed yesterday.  HST battery
operations will continue today.  The functional test (SI
C&DH retest) will start on second shift today.

- STS-32R SYNCOM/LDEF (at OPF) -

Payload was transferred from the orbiter to the canister at
2300 yesterday and canister doors were closed at 0140 this
morning.  Canister arrived at the O&C this morning where LDEF/
SYNCOM cradle removal preps will continue today.

- STS-35 ASTRO-1/BBXRT (at O&C) -

Payload cleaning, soft cover installation, experiment closeout,
and igloo rotation device rail removal operations were completed
yesterday.  Sharp edge and closeout inspections will be performed
today.

- STS-40 SLS-1 (at O&C) -

MLI closeout and inspection and rack 4 integration operations
will continue today.  Also, fire suppression bottles will be
installed and electrically tested today.

- STS-42 IML (at O&C) -

Racks 5 and 8 structural mods will continue today.  Rack 11
staging ops will also be worked today.

- STS-45 Atlas-1 (at O&C) -

Pallet 1 connector bracket installations complete.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Temperature of Space?
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:43:24 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Rasmus Lerdorf) writes:
>How hot is space, or more appropriate, how cold is space?  What are the
>temperature ranges in a shielded and non-shielded environment?

Space itself has no temperature; temperature is a property of matter.
There isn't enough matter around to have significant effects in the
regions of space that we have easy access to.

The intergalactic sky acts like a black body at about 2.7K due to the
remnants of the Big Bang fireball.  The Sun is a rather non-black body
at some 6000-oddK.  Those are the main factors in spacecraft temperature
in open space.  The thin fringes of the atmospheres of planets and the
Sun have various temperatures, mostly hot, but are too thin to be important.
A spacecraft near a planet will be influenced somewhat by the planet's
temperature and by the possibility of being in its shadow.

>I am asking because I am interested in the feasibility of superconductors in
>space.  We have the technology for low-temperature superconductors and if
>the temperature in space is down below 50K in a shielded environment, there
>would be a possibility of using existing superconductor technology in space.

I don't have numbers on tap at the moment, but as I recall, 60-70K is a
reasonable temperature for a well-shielded object in Earth orbit.

Do remember that superconductor *technology*, as opposed to superconductor
*science*, currently requires temperatures circa 4K.  We don't have liquid-
nitrogen superconductor hardware that can do anything useful yet.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jeff Martens)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Wasps Sting Hubble Telescope
Date: 31 Jan 90 03:36:33 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: Jeff Martens <[e-mail]>
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: Ohio State University Computer and Information Science
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17115 sci.astro:6608

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Andy Clews) writes:
>From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Ron Baalke):
>>  The clean room at Kennedy Space Flight Center in Florida is designed to
>>  keep even minute dust particles out. But the best high technology
>>  protections were apparently not enough to keep out nine wasps [...]

    [ ... ]

>They should have asked my grandad for help.  One time-honoured solution
>is to half-fill a jar with a mixture of jam and beer (more beer than
>jam).  The wasps are attracted to this, leading to their death (by
>drowning, if not alcoholic poisoning).  No nasty spray residue left
>behind; no nasty squashed wasps on the HST mirrors.  Just throw away the
>jar after a couple of days.

    [ ... ]

This technique seems plausible for use in the UK, but do you think the
wasps would be attracted to American beer?  If they have taste, it'd
be less effective.
-=-
-- Jeff ([e-mail])
    Sample dialog from "Tremors," ****
        "Burt, what the hell'd you put in that thing?"
        "Just common household chemicals in the proper proportions."
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Norman C. Kluksdahl)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.aeronautics
Subject: private spaceplane
Date: 31 Jan 90 04:10:51 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Norman C. Kluksdahl)
Organization: Houston Public Access
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17116 sci.aeronautics:481

Greetings and felicitations,

Some of you may recall a discussion starting about a year ago
regarding private efforts to develop a small-scale shuttle/
spaceplane.  After some initial confusion, I ended up being the
designated coordinator of ideas, and began to have fun with the
idea of a garage-scale EAA-type spaceplane project.  At first, it
began as a 'Gedanken Experiment', merely a mental excercise to see
if such a project was within the realm of possibility.

However, as events transpired, the project began to seem not only
possible, but practical.  Costs given for microgravity experiment
time are in the hundreds of $$ per pound/minute for payloads.  It
looked as if such costs were beatable.

And so, after moving from Arizona to Houston, being cut off from
all vestiges of civilization (i.e. net access) for a period of
four months, and finally finding access, I am again ready to find
and coordinate ideas and interest in such a project.

A few points must be made right up front:  1) so far, this is
still a gedanken experiment, to see if such a project can be
done, 2) I have learned a great deal, and I expect participants
will learn also, about the factors of spacecraft design, 3) if
(or when, take your pick) a workable design evolves, we will have
to decide whether to proceed with it, and 4) anything within reason,
in keeping with the KISS principle, is fair game for consideration.

Still interested?  drop me a note.

(Mandatory apology for the use of net bandwidth for what some may
consider as useless)
=====================================================================
Norman Kluksdahl
  ...!nuchat!moe        [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 23 Jan 90 22:27:36 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Smith)
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
> The
>Foxbat has a peak of 36km thus it's sustained altitude is appropriatly higher.

You're going the wrong way.  Sustained altitude is lower than peak.

>Please don't take my coment so seriously, it was a small notice that the
>Foxbat has a greater service ceiling than the Blackbird.

Which was an incorrect comment.  Viktor Belenko, who defected in 1976
with his MiG-25, wrote that SR-71s flew well above the Foxbats with
impunity.  The MiG-25/missile combination was considered effective up
to 87,000 ft. (with the missile going above the plane), but the SR-71s
were much higher.  They were unable to come close to nailing an SR-71,
although they tried.  It was a source of continuing frustration.

The official SR-71 speed record is about 2,200 mph. (Mach 3.4).
The Foxbat is redlined at Mach 2.8.  The SR-71 can cruise around
over the Foxbat's head.  I believe it's safe to conclude that a
Blackbird zoom climb could easily break the Foxbat's zoom climb record
of ~130,000 ft. if the necessary authorities authorized an official attempt.

Since the Blackbird is on the verge of retirement, it would be nice
to let it publicly show what it can do.


            David R. Smith, HP Labs
            [e-mail]
            [phone]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
|"Meanwhile Newton became as mad as a hatter:  by 1692 he was suffering |
|from depression, paranoia, insomnia and forgetfulness, and his hands   |
|shook.  Poor Newton's scientific work was impaired but in that state   |
|he was judged fit for public office and went on to become Master of    |
|the Mint and a Member of Parliament." -- Nigel Calder                  |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Proposals sought for satellite servicer flight demonstration (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 20:11:46 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Jim Cast
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 24, 1990

Kari Fluegel
Johnson Space Center, Houston


RELEASE:  90-12

PROPOSALS SOUGHT FOR SATELLITE SERVICER FLIGHT DEMONSTRATION


     NASA's Johnson Space Center, Houston, has issued a call for
proposals for requirement definition studies and preliminary
design for a Satellite Servicer System flight demonstration.

     The Satellite Servicer System flight demonstration will show
the ability to maintain satellites in locations not readily
accessible to humans (e.g., polar and high inclination orbits),
to permit hazardous servicing, to reduce Space Transportation
System extravehicular activity dependency and to improve cost
efficiencies.

     The system will be used in a three-phase, on-orbit flight
demonstration launched from the Space Shuttle orbiter. The
demonstration will exercise autonomous rendezvous and docking,
orbital replacement unit exchange and fluid transfer
capabilities, and will use existing technologies, including the
Orbital Manuevering Vehicle and elements of the Flight
Telerobotic Servicer, to minimize costs and reduce technical
risks.

     The flight demonstration Phase B studies, estimated at $1.3
million each, will include the design and definition of the
servicer system, a target vehicle, and ground and on-orbit
control stations.  Two firm, fixed-price, Phase B contracts, with
a 12-month period of performance, are expected to be awarded this
summer.  Responses to the request for proposals, released Jan.
19, are due March 5.

     Phase B project managment resides at JSC's New Initiatives
Office, Satellite Servicing Project Office.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Larry Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Aviation Week's Farewell SR-71 Issue
Date: 24 Jan 90 20:42:22 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Larry Smith)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Intel Corp., Hillsboro, Oregon


The latest Aviation Week 1/22/90 has a cover story on the SR-71.
It also has interesting photos of D-21/A-12 production and test
that have never before been published.

The story brings up several interesting items. One is the story
of how the SR-71 was killed by congress. Intertwined in all of this
is a a brief mention of its possible successor (from an congressional
appropriations standpoint). What hit me about this was that the
same group (House of Reps) that saved the NASP, wanted to kill the
SR-71 and promote its successor. However, the group that wanted to
kill the NASP (Senate) wanted to keep the SR-71. They then got
together and killed BOTH projects !! They then got together again
and wrote a bill that provided money for both, but then someone
killed the bill based on a point of order !! The poor SR then just
floundered with nobody picking it up. No mention of the final fate
of its successor was made.

A SR-71 pilot also mentioned that contrary to the Air Force party
line, there have been over 80 situations where the SR-71 was the
only vehicle that could provide intelligence because satelites were
either malpositioned, broken, or otherwise unable. The article also
said that it takes the SR a day to prepare for its mission. Evidently
also the SR's sonic boom is also very unique!

The story also mentions that NASA will receive 3 SR-71s. These
birds will be put into flyable storage, pending someone in NASA
figuring out what they can be used for. Some of the more famous SRs
will be going to museums. The Air and Space Museum will get tail
number 17972. This bird holds the world's absolute speed and sustained
ceiling records. SR 17972 is to be flown there in February. The Air and
Space Museum has requested that this be a RECORD SETTING FLIGHT!
Stay Tuned ...

Those of you that don't have a Aviation Week perscription :) can
order the issue directly from Aviation Week. They cost $5 per copy
(check or MO). They take no phone credit card orders (I tried).

Write to: Aviation Week and Space Technology
          Attn: Single Copy Desk
          1221 Avenue of the Americas
          New York, N.Y.    10020

Larry Smith
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 25 Jan 90 18:51:58 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Organization: University of Rochester Computer Science Department

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Bob Gray) writes:

>Twenty years from now there should be a lot of second hand
>Japanese and Russian (and hopefully European) lunar ferries
>coming onto the market. NASA should be able to force the
>price down by making the right deals.

>Only 1/2 :->

Even with half a smiley, the wishful thinking in that paragraph
is overwhelming.

The Soviets...  I said last year I thought cuts in their program,
perhaps even a termination of manned spaceflight, were possibilities.
I think this is quite likely now.  Gorbie is facing open armed revolt,
Soviet oil production is declined despite heroic investment, and the
economy continues to degenerate.  The USSR is on the edge of the
abyss.  I would not be surprised if we saw a nuclear civil war there
before 2000.

The Japanese space program is pitiful compared to the other space
powers.  I don't see them having the ability to send anyone to the
moon by 2010.  They may be able to send people to LEO by then.

    Paul F. Dietz
    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (James Ashton)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 01/12/90
Date: 26 Jan 90 07:02:03 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (James Ashton)
Organization: Basser Dept of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Australia

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] writes:
>BTW, can anyone explain why Magellan takes that much longer to reach Venus
>than Galileo. I presume its due to the fact that the former has to orbit
>Venus while the latter is doing a hyperbolic flyby (thus going faster,
>thus requiring more fuel to slow down).
>Do the different launch dates also impact this in any way. i.e if Galileo
>had been launched at the same time as Magellan would it still have gotten
>there quicker ?

Actually both craft take a similar amount of time to do the trip
between the Earth's orbit and Venus' orbit.  The fact that they
couldn't be launched at the same time but they both had the same target
caused a problem.  Venus launch window was too narrow to fit two
shuttle launches.  The solution was to have Magellan go first and fly
in an elliptical orbit to Venus' orbit (but at a point well away from
Venus), back to the Earth's orbit (but not near Earth) and finally back
to Venus' orbit and this time Venus.  Galileo made a direct trip to
Venus while Magellan effectively went three times as far.

                        James Ashton.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Temperature of Space?
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:46:05 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17062 sci.astro:6563

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Eric J Peterson) writes:
>This poses an interesting question -- how was IRAS kept cold enough to
>perform its observations?  How long did its coolant last?  What kind of
>coolant did it use?  And how was it protected from the solar wind?

A large part of IRAS's launch weight was a great big tank of liquid helium.
When that boiled dry, ten months or so later, IRAS died.  I don't recall
the solar wind being a significant issue; a sunshade kept solar radiation
at bay and internal insulation avoided too much trouble with heat conduction
from electronics (etc.) at more normal temperatures.

The COsmic Background Explorer now in orbit uses a similar setup.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: SPACE ACTIVIST ALERT
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:28:14 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet



OBJECTIVE

Remove Scott Pace from the Department of Commerce's space office.


METHOD

Please write to Secretary of Commerce Robert A. Mosbacher and tell him
you oppose the hiring of Scott Pace into the Department of Commerce's
Office of Commercial Space.

Robert A. Mosbacher
Secretary of Commerce
Department of Commerce
14th St. between Constitution Ave. & E. St., NW
Washington, D. C. 20230


BACKGROUND

When Secretary of Commerce Baldrige died in office, terminating his
work toward space commercialization and replacement of the Houston's
(Johnson Space Center) space station program in favor of a commercially
developed and operated space facility, he was replaced by a Secretary of
Commerce (Mosbacher) from Houston.  Mosbacher, who it is said, takes no
particular interest in space, has much more amicable relations with
Johnson Space Center, at Houston.   Mosbacher has now hired one, Scott Pace,
into the Office of Commercial Space even though Mr. Pace:

* As Chairman of the National Space Society's Legislative Committee,
  opposed endorsement of Baldrige's Commercially Developed Space Facility
  when support for that facility was most needed, thus leaving us with
  NO SPACE FACILITY until "Freedom" is built, IF EVER
* Is considered by most activists as working against HR2674
* Has virtually no commercial experience
* Is heavily affiliated with government space interests through his employment
  at the RAND Corporation and position of authority in the National Space
  Society and its political organizations
* Is considered to be a two-faced suck-up supporting whatever the current
  power structure is doing while claiming to represent the grass-roots
  (ie: YOU) to YOUR Congressional representatives

The funding for this new Office is being increased (supplying Mr. Pace's
salary) only after the long, hard work of a bunch of activists who like
myself want to empower the Department of Commerce in space activities.
Since we were responsible for getting the funding raised for this Office,
we can also turn funding for it off, if Mr. Pace isn't removed.  We want
that Office to be real, effective and funded and thus hope Mr. Pace is
removed so we won't be forced to lobby for its termination.

Help us keep the Office alive and healthy.
---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Stickster)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:43:53 GMT
Organization: Enterprise Information System, Marquette, MI

[e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:

>>The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher
than
>>the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably
exceeds
>>that of the Foxbat.  (We're talking sustained altitude here, not zoom
climbs.)

>I disagree, a sustained altitude of 24km with a peak of 30km are the
>Blackbird's excellent figures, i see no reason why it should not have
exceeded
>it's record figures during test & record flights as that is their point.
The
>Foxbat has a peak of 36km thus it's sustained altitude is appropriatly
higher.

>Please don't take my coment so seriously, it was a small notice that the
Foxbat
>has a greater service ceiling than the Blackbird.

   The published service ceiling of the Blackbird is nowhere near what
the airplane is capable of.  Even Jane's can't say what it is, they don't
know, and probably never will. The AF won't say.

   If the Blackbird performed a climb profile similar to the Streak
Eagle, it very well could go through 200,000 feet before running out of
energy.
--
==============================================================================
| Steve Langner-Stickster-Commodore SIGOp |  rutgers!sharkey!clmqt!slangner  |
| Enterprise Info. System, Mqt. MI, USA, Terra, Sol |  [e-mail]   |
=================> "It's dead Jim, but not as we know it." <==================
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: International Space Year education conf. to be held in France (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 18:06:02 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Debra J. Rahn
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 30, 1990


RELEASE:  90-16

INTERNATIONAL SPACE YEAR EDUCATION CONF. TO BE HELD IN FRANCE


     The Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the French
space agency will host an International Space Year (ISY)
Education and Applications conference in Deauville, France, Feb.
12-15.  The conference was organized in cooperation with NASA.

     More than 120 education and training experts from around the
world will attend the conference, which is being organized under
the umbrella of the Space Agency Forum on ISY (SAFISY).  Twenty-
five national space agencies or equivalent bodies belong to
SAFISY.

     SAFISY was established at a conference hosted by NASA in
l988, following a proposal by Congress for an International Space
Year in l992 and its endorsement by the White House.

     Deauville conference delegates will develop proposals for
projects for the ISY in 1992 in the areas of education and
applications.  These proposals will be discussed at a SAFISY
senior officials meeting in Japan next spring.

    The Deauville conference also will establish an Education and
Applications panel of experts that will advise SAFISY on a
regular basis.  Professor Jacques-Louis Lions, President of CNES,
will serve as Chairman of the Deauville conference.

    The conference will have two major programmatic themes:

--"Remote Sensing Training Applications" theme will focus on
training projects of interest for developing nations in the areas
of vegetation resources, natural hazards and urban and
environmental planning.

--"Space and Education" theme will focus on educational
initiatives in the areas of Earth observation, space science and
space communications.

     Earlier this year, SAFISY adopted 10 "mission to planet
Earth" projects recommended by an Earth Science and Technology
panel of experts established at a conference hosted by the
British National Space Center.  Those projects address the
greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, deforestation and related
environmental issues, as well as development of a Gobal Change
Encyclopedia.

    A third SAFISY experts panel, for space science, is being
organized by the Committee on Space Research of the International
Council of Scientific Unions.

    - end -

(This news story is being simultaneously released with CNES)
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Iain Odlin)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: furlongs per fortnight in space
Date: 31 Jan 90 21:50:56 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Iain Odlin)
Organization: Mr. McGregor's Garden

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
writes:
>From personal experience, it's simply a matter of getting used to the
>sensible units.  It doesn't take long.  And as for temperatures, the C
>degree is just right -- a temperature change of 1 degree C is enough to
>make a small difference, which isn't true for the F degree.

  Generally, I agree with Mr Spenser, but this time I beg to differ...

  I fail to see how a system with only 100 marks between the freezing and
  boiling points of water can "make a small difference" with a temperature
  change of one degree while a system with 180 marks between freezing and
  boiling cannot.  Would you please elaborate?

--
----------------------------------Iain Odlin-----------------------------------
                   Box 142, Reed College, Portland OR, 97202
                 odlin@reed -or- {ogccse,tektronix}!reed!odlin
                     "Creatures of the night:  SHUT UP!!!"
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Gaston Groisman)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Image processing ideas sought
Date: 1 Feb 90 03:00:36 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Gaston Groisman)
Organization: U. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Hi.  This will make more sense if I explain my situation.  I'm a
graduate student taking an image processing course here at the
University of Calgary.  I have a copy of the NASA "Space Science Sampler
Compact Disk Vol. 2".  It has (among lots of other things) Voyager 1 and
2 images of Saturn and Jupiter (moons, rings atmosphere) and Viking
images of Mars and Phobos.

I would like to do a project in this class using some of these images,
that is choose one object and work on those images.  To do that I would
welcome:

1) References to papers that have dealt with the type of image
  processing that usually goes into this images. (ie. what kind of work
  went into locating the volcanoes on Io, the ones on the edge of the
  planet are easy to see but what about the rest?).

2) References to the imaging systems on board these probes that were
  used to obtain the said images. (here I would like to know more about
  what artifacts these instruments introduce and how can they be removed)

3) Needles to say, ideas about a project will be more than welcome.

Though this is a class project I happen to be a student in search of a
thesis research topic, and will listen to anything that get thrown my
way.  Thank you all very much.


Gaston Groisman                [e-mail]
                        or     [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 20 Jan 90 03:02:29 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>Please the Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird is not the fastest/highest flying plane,
>the MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat can fly approx. 30% higher and the North American
>X-15A-2 300% higher and 100% faster. Even though take-off is not achieved under
>it's own power this does not make it any less remarkable.

The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher than
the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably exceeds
that of the Foxbat.  (We're talking sustained altitude here, not zoom climbs.)

If one allows craft that drop pieces on the way up (in the way that the
X-15s dropped a B-52 :-) and the X-15A-2 dropped external tanks), then
the X-15A-2 is nowhere near the record holder for either speed or altitude.
The Apollo spacecraft holds the record, with Gemini second and the shuttle
orbiter third.  (Before you complain that Apollo and Gemini were not
aircraft, they were in fact lifting bodies at hypersonic speed, and used
their lift to fly fairly complicated reentry trajectories.)  International
rules for aircraft records forbid dropping anything except human waste.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News - 01/18/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 22 Jan 90 23:00:36 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gregory N. Bond) writes:
>   ...Thomas Sega, the husband of Bonnie
>   Dunbar...now in space aboard the Columbia...was selected as a
>   mission specialist.
>
>Hmm.  Now we have a morally-acceptable way to answer that ages old
>space question....

Nope.  NASA is very image-conscious and very prudish.  This is not the first
pair of married astronauts... they *don't* get assigned to the same flight.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Mary Shafer (OFV))
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/22/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 23 Jan 90 20:04:20 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: NASA Dryden, Edwards, Cal.
In-reply-to: [e-mail]'s message of 22 Jan 90 20:10:21 GMT

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Alan Hepburn) writes:

   Has anyone thought about naming the 747-carrier?  It seems that it
   would be a lot more "romantic" (for want of a better term) to see
   "Columbia will begin a two-day flight aboard <insert name here>".
   Maybe we need to start a campaign similar to naming "Enterprise".

Well, we all call it the SCA, for Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, or 905,
because the tail number is N905NA.  Neither of these have a lot of
class, I agree.

Let the naming begin!
--

Mary Shafer  [e-mail] or ames!skipper.dfrf.nasa.gov!shafer
         NASA Ames Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA
                   Of course I don't speak for NASA
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Eric J Peterson)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space
Subject: Re: Temperature of Space?
Date: 24 Jan 90 03:44:33 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Eric J Peterson)
Followup-To: sci.astro
Organization: Florida State University Computer Science Department
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.astro:6517 sci.space:16978

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (A man and his sword) writes:
| In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Rasmus Lerdorf) writes:
| >How hot is space, or more appropriate, how cold is space?  What are the
| >temperature ranges in a shielded and non-shielded environment?
|
|     Space is essentialy a vaccum.  What that means is that there is nothing
|   to transmit heat from a hot part of space to a cold part of space.

Actually, space is not totally a vacuum.  Apart from the odd atom every cc
or so, space is filled with photons left over from the Big Bang.  This
radiation has a temperature corresponding to the frequency of the
radiation, which is about 2.7 K.  This radiation is uniform to one part in
10,000 in all directions of the sky.

|   Temperatures range so much in a vaccum it is incredible.  The two main
|   factors that I can see in what temperature a region of space is are
|   how close the region is to the nearest star (for simplicity's sake,
|   I'll confine this discussion to our system),

This is another source of temperature in space.  Solar wind contributes a
comparatively large flux of energy to the vacuum of space, as summarized in
a recent but unrelated posting.  I believe that this should also raise the
temperature of the vacuum, but to what extent I don't know.

|   and if anything is in
|   the way between said region and the sun.  Mercury, the closest planet,
|   is usually, if memory serves, around 2000 degrees Celcius on the surface.
|   Pluto, on the other hand, is not only about 3 billion miles away, but at
|   various times has the other eight planets in the way, offering very little
|   heat.

I seriously doubt that transits of planets block a significant amount of
the solar wind from Pluto.  Consider the size of the sun with the size of
the planets and Pluto's eccentric orbit.  But still, the surfaces of Mercury
and Pluto are not vacuums -- if they were, they wouldn't be very formidable
planets :-)

|   Even the different sides of the moon vary in vast degrees of
|   temperature.

True, but consider that any given point on the moon is exposed to the full
force of the solar wind (forgetting, for the moment, the magnetosphere of
the Earth) for half a month, then has its back to the sun for half a
month.  And, as with Pluto and Mercury, the surface of the Moon is
hopefully not a vacuum.

|   Mind you, all this knowledge is gleaned from space books
|   designed for the minds of 8 year olds, which was how old I remember
|   being.

Perhaps someone out there could recommend a better book on the subject?

To answer the original question, the lower limit on the temperature of the
vacuum should presumably be the temperature of the Universe -- 2.7 K.  The
solar wind should govern the upper limit, although I don't have figures for
the temperature of the wind.

It sounds like the real problem would be maintaining shielding from the
solar wind at the temperatures you need.  After sitting in space, absorbing
p+ and e- from the wind, the temperature of the system should slowly
increase.  Again, I'm at a loss for figures right now as to the exact rate
of the heating.

This poses an interesting question -- how was IRAS kept cold enough to
perform its observations?  How long did its coolant last?  What kind of
coolant did it use?  And how was it protected from the solar wind?

Since this is more astronomical in nature, this has been crossposted to
sci.astro, and followups are directed there.

Eric
--
    Eric Peterson <> [e-mail] <> uunet!nu.cs.fsu.edu!peterson
 Florida State Univ CS Dept Technician, Room 011 Love Bldg, Phone [phone]
                 echo "This is not a pipe." | lpr -P laserjet2
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (John H. Kim)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Keywords: Shuttle, Airplanes, Air
Date: 24 Jan 90 18:16:47 GMT
Organization: Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (David Ross) writes:
>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>>[aircraft fly through air, spacecraft go through space]
>
>[space shuttle is still in air while in orbit (albeit thin air)]

How about this:
Aircraft=craft which uses the air to gain altitude.

The shuttle uses rockets to push itself up.  An airplane uses lift from
the wings going through air (although not in a vertical climb).  Therefore
shuttle is not an airplane.  I think the crucial thing here is that the
requirements for designing something that can generate lift from the air
and the requirements for something that can stand the stress of going up
at 3+ g's are very different.
--
John H. Kim                 | (This space to be filled when I
[e-mail] | think of something very clever
uunet!muddcs!jarthur!jokim  | to use as a disclaimer)
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Two Dead Men
Date: 25 Jan 90 21:03:56 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet

It sure is a tragedy that the two most influential pro-space individuals
of the last decade, both died at the height of their power:

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary of Commerce until his untimely death in 1987.
Mr. Baldrige was responsible for the impetus toward a Commercially Developed
Space Facility among other things that provided the current momentum toward
the commercialization of space and was an outspoken critic of NASA's
monopoly and arrogance.

George Koopman, President of American Rocket Company until his untimely
death in 1989.  Mr. Koopman was the driving force behind the privately
financed and developed hybrid rocket launch system, in spite of repeated
attacks from NASA on his suppliers and intimidation of investors and
was a leading figure in the grassroots space movement criticizing NASA's
role.

These two individuals attacked, in a very real and effective way, the two
lynch-pins of NASA's gold-plated welfare program:  The Space Station and
The Space Transportation System, respectively.

But don't worry.  Those of us who lack real influence can get away
with being as pro-space as we want!  All we have to do is watch ourselves
to make sure we never do anything REALLY important with space.
---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (SERRE GLENN)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Question about Nuclear Propulsion projects
Summary: Anyone have info about present or past ones?
Date: 26 Jan 90 15:58:40 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (SERRE GLENN)
Distribution: usa
Organization: University of Colorado, boulder

Does anyone out there know of any organization that is currently working on
nuclear propulsion?

Also, which organizations did work on nuclear rockets (NERVA, etc.)
 in the '60s?

Thanks in advance.

--Glenn Serre
[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: F-1 Engine
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:49:41 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Andy Clews) writes:
>How does the thrust of one of the Shuttle SRB motors compare with that
>of one of the good old Saturn V's F1 engines?

Numbers aren't handy, but I was interested in this at one point and compared.
An SRB is something like 1.5 F-1s.  You couldn't replace it with a single
F-1, but two would be dandy and should increase payload quite a bit.

>Was any kind of F1
>configuration ever considered in the design of the Shuttle booster
>stage?

Not after the basic booster configuration (two big solids) was decided,
on cost grounds.  Before that, a winged recoverable variant of the
Saturn V first stage (five F-1s) was a leading candidate to be the
shuttle booster.  It cost a little too much.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Stickster)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 28 Jan 90 06:04:03 GMT
Organization: Enterprise Information System, Marquette, MI

[e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:

>Please the Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird is not the fastest/highest flying
plane,
>the MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat can fly approx. 30% higher and the North
American
>X-15A-2 300% higher and 100% faster. Even though take-off is not
achieved under
>it's own power this does not make it any less remarkable.

   The Blackbird IS the fastest and highest flying AIR breathing aircraft
in the world.  The Air Force has not allowed it to set an altitude record
(as the result of a zoom, as the modified Foxbat and Streak Eagle did.)
However, nothing else can maintain its altitudes for hours on end.

   Oh, yeah.  The SE and E-266 altitudes were TIME TO CLIMB, not
sustained altitudes.  Both aircraft were practically out of control, and
flames out at their flight peaks.
--
==============================================================================
| Steve Langner-Stickster-Commodore SIGOp |  rutgers!sharkey!clmqt!slangner  |
| Enterprise Info. System, Mqt. MI, USA, Terra, Sol |  [e-mail]   |
=================> "It's dead Jim, but not as we know it." <==================
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Bob Gray)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 29 Jan 90 18:15:14 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Bob Gray)
Organization: Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer Project

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Paul Dietz) writes:
>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Bob Gray) writes:
>
>>Twenty years from now there should be a lot of second hand
>>Japanese and Russian (and hopefully European) lunar ferries
>>coming onto the market. NASA should be able to force the
>>price down by making the right deals.
>
>>Only 1/2 :->
>
>Even with half a smiley, the wishful thinking in that paragraph
>is overwhelming.

Absolutely! Completley overwhelming.

But does anyone find another scenario any more believable.

Twenty years after the first Moon landing, which happened
less that ten years after the first manned spaceflight, NASA
estimates it will take another 20 years before they are able
to go back.

>The Soviets...  I said last year I thought cuts in their program,
>perhaps even a termination of manned spaceflight, were possibilities.

A cutback has already happened, but I think it is unlikely
that it would be terminated. Partly because it brings in
hard currency, and partly out of national prestiege.

Let me present another scenario.

The Soviets re-structure themselves into a federation, keep
their space exploration going at present and cease to be so
much of a military threat.

The aerospace contractors, badly hit by the loss of a large
part of their income when military spending is cut, lobby
for extra spending on space exploration. The reason given is
that as resources are becoming scarce, new supplies of raw
materials have to be found. The only untapped resources are
Antartica, the seabed, or Space. There are very loud voices
arguing against exploitation of the first two for
environmental reasons.
    Bob.
---------------------------------------
From: stan@hanauma (Stan Ruppert)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: List of Acronymns (long)
Keywords: acronymns, glossary of terms, references
Date: 31 Jan 90 08:15:12 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (News Service)
Reply-To: stan@hanauma (Stan Ruppert)
Distribution: na
Organization: Stanford University, Dept. of Geophysics

The following list of acronymns is from:

      The Voyager Neptune Travel Guide
    by
         Voyager Mission Planning Office Staff
         Charles Kohlhase - Editor
         NASA-JPL-CIT

      June 1, 1989
      JPL Publication 89-24

This is a fantastic publication which covers planning for the
Voyager Neptune Encounter in addition to being a great treatise
on mission personnel, spacecraft engineering, and science experiments.
The Guide also covers what science is planned during the Voyager Interstellar
Cruise portion of the mission.
Also discussed are the basics of how NASA communicates with far ranging
spacecraft, how flight trajectories are planned to use various planets
to 'sling-shot' the spacecraft along their way, and how the Voyager team
dealt with the various hardware problems that came up on the spacecraft during
the mission.
At the end of the Guide is a bibliography listing both technical and
introductory references for further reading.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
For a more detailed definition of terms included in the list of acronymns
below please refer to the Voyager Neptune Travel Guide.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A         Voyager 1 reference
AACS      Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem
AAI       All Axes Inertial
AD        anno Domini
AIAA      American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
AM        Amplitude Modulation
ASFULL    PRA investigation of Neptune's magnetosphere
AU        Astronomical Unit (approx. 150 million km)
Az        Azimuth
B         Voyager 2 reference
BML       Backup Mission Load
bps       bits per second
C/A       Closest Approach
C^3       Command, Communications, and Control
cc        cubic centimeter
CCS       Computer Command Subsystem
CCSL      Computer Command Subsystem Load
CDSCC     Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex (Australia)
CDT       Capability Demonstration Test
CDU       Command Detector Unit
cm        centimeter
CM        Command Moratorium
CMC       Complex Monitor Control
CR        Cosmic Rays
CRS       Cosmic Ray SUbsystem
CRSMVR    Cruise Manuever
CSIRO     Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
            (Australia)
CST       Canopus Star Tracker
d         day
DACS      Data Capture and Staging
deg       degree
DRS       Data Records Subsystem
DSCC      Deep Space Communications Complex
DSN       Deep Space Network (NASA)
DSS       Data Storage Subsystem, or Deep Space Station
DTR       Digital Tape Recorder
EDR       experiment Data Record
El        Elevation
ENC-REL   Encounter-Relative (time)
EUV       Extreme Ultraviolet
EUVE      Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
F&P       Fields and Particles
FDS       Flight Data Subsystem
FE        Far Encounter Phase
FM        Frequency Modulation
FOO       FLight Operations Office
FOV       Field of View
FPA       Fault Protection Algorithm
FSO       Flight Science Office
FSTEP     LECP observation to detect rapid variations
             in Neptune's radiation field
ft        foot
FUV       Far Ultraviolet
GCF       Ground COmmunications Facility
GDS       Ground Data System
GDSCC     Goldstone Deep Space Communicaions COmplex (California)
Ghz       GigaHertz (one billion cycles per second)
gm        gram
GMT       Greenwich Mean Time
GS&E      General Science and Engineering
GSFC      Goddard Space Flight Center
H         Hydrogen
h or hr   hour
He        Helium
HGA       High Gain Antenna
ICE       International Comet Explorer
IDC       Image data compression
IMC       Image MOtion Compensation
INTA      National Institute for Aerospace Techniques (Spain)
IPM       Interplanetary Medium
IR        Infrared
IRIS      Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and Radiometer Subsystem
ISAS      Institute of Astronautical Science (Japan)
ISM       Interstellar Medium
ISS       Imaging Science Subsystem
IUE       International Ultraviolet Explorer
JPL       Jet Propulsion Laboratory
kbps      kilo(1000) bits per second
kg        kilogram
km        kilometer
LAN       Local Area Network
lb        pound
LECP      Low Energy Charged Particles Subsystem
LEMPA     Low Energy Magnetospheric Particle Analyzer (in LECP)
LEPT      Low Energy Particle Telescope (LECP)
LETS      Low Energy Telescope System (CRS)
LEU       Late Ephemeris Update
LMC       Link Monitor Control
LSU       Late Stored Update
m         meter (also minute)
MAG       Magnetometer Subsystem
MAGROLL   Spacecraft roll maneuver
MCCC      Mission Control and Computing Center
MCT       Mission Control Team
MHz       MegaHertz (one million cycles per second)
mi        mile
MIMC      Maneuverless Image Motion Compensation
MIPS      Multimission Image Processing Subsystem
MJS77     Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977
mm        millimeter
mph       miles per hour
MPO       Mission Planning Office
NA        Narrow Angle (imaging)
NASA      National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCOM    NASA Communications Network
NAV       Navigation Team
NE        Near Encounter Phase
NEC       Near Encounter Contingency
NET       Near Encounter Test
NIMC      Nodding Image Motion Compensation
NMB       Neptune Movable Block
NRAO      National Radio Astronomy Observatory
OAO       Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
OB        Observatory Phase
OCC       Occultation
OPNAV     Optical Navigation
ORT       Operational Readiness Test (radio science)
OWLT      One-Way LIght Time
PDT       Pacific Daylight TIme
PE        Post-Encounter PHase
PEO       Public Education Office (JPL)
PIO       Public Information Office (JPL)
PLS       Plasma Subsystem
POT       Potentiometer
PPS       Photopolarimeter Subsystem
PPVPHOT   Photometeric observation of Neptune's atmosphere
PRA       Planetary Radio Astronomy Subsystem
PWS       Plasma Wave Subsystem
R-axis    The R-S-T axes refer to an orthogonal targeting coordinate system,
             where S points in the same direction as the target-relative
             approach hyperbolic excess velocity, T is parallel to the ecliptic
             plane, and R is 'down'
rads      100 ergs per gram of irradiated material
RFA       Request for Action
RFS       Radio Frequency Subsystem
RODAN     Radio Occultaion Data Analysis
RPDISK    IRIS observation of Neptune's disk
rpm       revolutions per minute
RPOCCPT   IRIS observation of radio science occultation
              point in Neptune's atmosphere
RS        Reed-Solomon; Radio Science
RSS       Radio Science SUbsystem
RTG       Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator
RTMAPIN   IRIS map of lit side of Triton
RTMAPOUT  IRIS map of dark side of Triton
S/C 31    Voyager 1 reference
S/C 32    Voyager 2 reference
SC        Scan Converter
SCET      Spacecraft Event Time
SCT       Spacecraft Team (sometimes Spacecraft TIme)
SDT       Science Data Team
sec, s    second
SEDR      Supplementary Experiment Data Record
SEQ       Sequence Team
SIS       Science Investigation Support Team
SNR       Signal-to-Noise ratio
SOC       Science OPerations Coordinator
SPC       Signal Processing Center
SSG       Science Steering Group
SWG       Science Working Group
T-axis    refer to R-axis
TBD       To Be Determined
TC        Thermal Cycle
TCM       Trajectory Correction Maneuver
TET       Electron Telescope (CRS)
TMB       Triton Movable Block
TMT       Torque Margin Test
TTS       Test and Telemetry Subsystem
TV        Television
U/L       Uplink
UPCORONA  UVS observations of Nepturne's corona
UPDKPOL   UVS ovservations of Neptunes' dark pole
USO       Ultra Stable Oscillator
UTCDRFT   UVS ovservation of co-rotation plasma near Triton
UTGLOW    UVS observations of airglow emissions from Triton's atmosphere
UTHOCC    UVS ovservation of Triton's outer atmosphere during occultaion
UTPLASMA  UVS ovservation of co-rotation plasma near Triton
UV        Ultraviolet
UVS       Ultraviolet Spectrometer Subsystem
VCR       Video Cassette Recorder
VGR       Voyager
VIM       Voyager Interstellar Mission
VISA      Voyager IMaging Support Activity
VLA       Very Large Array
VMB       Vernier Movable BLock
VNBEST    Highest resolution picture of Nereid
VNESSA    Voyager Neptune Encounter Science Support ACtivity
VRARCMOV1 Narow-angle images of possible ring arcs
VRDETECT  Narrow-angle mosaics to search for possible ring arcs
VRHIPHAS  Images of possible ring arcs as sunlight is scattered through them
VRMOS1,2  Narrow-angle images to observe possible ring arcs
               or shepherding satellites
VRRET1    Retargettable images of a possible newly discovered
               ring-arc (acronym subsequently changed to VRRETINX)
VRRETINX  See VRRET1;x=0,1,2,3, for specific application of VRRET1
VRXING2   Imaging ovservations during outbound ring plane crossing
VTCOLOR   Highest resolution color images of Triton
VTERM     Highest resolution images of Triton
VTLON     Periodic Imaging of Triton as it orbits Neptune
VTMAP     Images to map Triton's surface
WA        Wide Angle (imaging)
WPOLE     PWS observations of plasma wave signals near Nepturne's north pole
WS        Work Station
WSFULL    PWS observation of plasma wave signals in Neptune's
               inner magnetosphere
WSHORT05  5-second PWS observations of plasma wave signals in
               Neptune's inner magnetosphere
WSHORT10 10-second PWS observations of plasma wave signals in
               Neptune's inner magnetosphere
WWII     World War II
XROCC    Radio science observations of ring during occultaion
XPOCC    Radio science observations of Neptune's atmosphere during occultaions
XSGRAV   Radio Science observations of gravity fields of Neptune and Triton
XTOCC    Radio science observations of Triton's atmossphere during occultation
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=============================================================================
Stan Ruppert
Dept of Geophysics
Stanford University, CA 94305
Email Addr: (Internet) [e-mail]
=============================================================================
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Galileo Update - 01/31/90
Date: 1 Feb 90 02:06:12 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17126 sci.astro:6617



                     GALILEO MISSION STATUS
                        January 31, 1990

     The Galileo spacecraft is almost 25 million miles from Earth
today, with a round-trip light time of almost 4+ minutes;
distance to Venus is down to 3 million miles.  The length of the
journey since launch has reached 167 million miles, and the
velocity relative to the Sun is up to 80,525 miles per hour.

     General health of the spacecraft continues to be very good,
with a nominal power margin and all temperatures in the
acceptable range.  It continues in a all-spin configuration
(2.89 rpm, Sun-pointed within 1/2 degree), sending telemetry over
low-gain antenna 2 at 1200 bits per second.  Galileo continues to
operate in a caretaker mode, automatically maintaining sunpoint.
In addition to the dust detector, Galileo's magnetometer, heavy ion
counter, and ultraviolet instruments have been turned on.

     A star scanner spin rate estimate failed once during a
S-thruster flushing activity. Preliminary analysis indicates that
the scanner may have "seen" several stars of near equal intensity,
therefore "seeing too many stars" in the field-of-view.

     The flight team has developed the sequence which will
control Galileo through the Venus flyby (actually, through the
period February 7-18).  In addition, work is well underway on the
first post-Venus cruise sequence.


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Usenet file owner)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Nuclear Reactors in Space
Summary: Risk?
Keywords: Sez who?
Date: 20 Jan 90 03:44:11 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Terry Conklin)
Organization: Engineering, Michigan State University, E. Lansing

Define "explosion prone launch vehicles." One shuttle has gone up in how
many launches? That's funny, no one told me when I missed a question or
two one a test that I was "error prone" or "prone to making mistakes."
Considering a recent comment about English-speakers, I'd appreciate
proper use of the lanugage myself.

It's always distressing to see a zero-risk type decide what is
acceptable risk for all of us. Primarily, it demonstrates a fundamental
misunderstanding of the risks inherent in travel by auto (my dad's an
engineer in accident analysis. Better yet, ask your insurance agent) and
more importantly it smacks of Yet-Another-Overly-Vocal-Minority.

Unforunately, it is unlikely that people will stand up for their right
to take a one-in-a-billion risk for the near-certain benefits of
advanced spaceflight.

And of course, no one is that unreasonable. We are all entirely welcome
to take up a course that will take decades and cost _enormous_ sums of
everyone's money - fissionables on the moon, since that doesn't
inconvenience anyone with "undue risks."

I'd bet you have a higher risk BREATHING and contracting cancer that you
would of contracting it from the highly effective carcinogen, shuttle-
powdered plutonium

Terry Conklin
[e-mail]
uunet!frith!conklin
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Seldon)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Keywords: a "real-time" unix system: LynxOS
Date: 20 Jan 90 23:41:18 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Launch Pad

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Daniel Pezely) writes:

>I wouldn't mind being the system administrator on a space station...
>...that would be one way to get to space.  :-)
>


 HEH...can you imagine if they had RN on this system...then we'd start seeing
postings with address like:

                      [e-mail]

 Oh well....
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[e-mail]


--
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         [e-mail]
         "The sky was the color of television tuned to a dead channel..."
                               -William Gibson
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Date: 22 Jan 90 22:59:02 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Daniel Pezely) writes:
>I wouldn't mind being the system administrator on a space station...
>...that would be one way to get to space.  :-)

No such luck... the sysadmin of the space station will be located on the
ground.  Unless costs come down spectacularly, absolutely everything that
can be done from the ground, will be.  The fraction of sysadmin jobs that
require physical access to the hardware, given careful hardware design
(e.g. ability to trigger a reboot remotely), is just about zero.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Raul Izahi Lopez Hernandez)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Keywords: a "real-time" unix system: LynxOS
Date: 23 Jan 90 21:29:37 GMT
Sender: USENET News System <[e-mail]>
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Raul Izahi Lopez Hernandez)

In article <[e-mail]>,
[e-mail] (Mike Peltier) writes:

> But seriously...
> What kind of hardware will it be running?  How does the performance
> of the space-worthy processors compare with earthbound ones?

   The Space Station freedom will use a nice distributed system as
opposed to the centralized one that the Space Shuttle uses. This
approach has many benefits, one of them being that it is possible for
suppliers all over the world to work on 'their' share and even try it
with nice emulator kits that NASA provides.
   I have a reference for this but I don't have it around, I can dig
that out for you guys if anybody is interested.

                    RAUL IZAHI
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 18:21:38 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, January 23, 1990                    Audio:  202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------

This is NASA Headline News for Tuesday, January 23rd......

The weekly publication "Space News" reports that NASA
Administrator Richard Truly last week asked Vice President Quayle
to recommend to the President that he set 2010 as the date for
the U.S. to return to the moon.

The publication reports that during a meeting last Thursday of
the National Space Council, other members present said they were
not in favor of setting a specific date.  The paper says Quayle
listened to arguements on both sides, asked many questions, and
then ended the meeting without comment.


The space shuttle Columbia and the Long Duration Exposure
Facility, stored in its payload bay, are being prepared for
Thursday morning's start of a two-day ferry flight to Kennedy
Space Center.  The flight to KSC includes a refueling stop at
Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona, an overnight stop at Kelly AFB,
Texas, and a second refueling stop at Eglin AFB, Florida.  LDEF
will be removed from the payload bay at KSC sometime next week
for inspection by research teams.  Removal of the 57 experiments
will begin around mid-February.


Final checkouts of the orbiter Atlantis are continuing today in
the Vehicle Assembly Building.  Rollout to launch pad 39-A is
targeted for 8 A.M. Thursday.  The terminal countdown demonstra-
tion test with the STS-36 flight crew is scheduled for next week.
Atlantis and its five man crew will fly a classified Department
of Defense mission next month.


An Ariane 4 rocket on Sunday, successfully launched a French-
built Spot 2 Earth observation satellite into orbit.  The launch
was the first this year for the European Space Agency.  The spot
2 is the second in a series of high-tech photo observation
satellites built for the French space agency.  Images from the
satellite are available commercially.






                          **********





-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events on NASA
Select television.  All times are Eastern.

Wednesday, Jan. 24.....

     5:55 P.M.         Delta launch of a GPS satellite from
                       Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

Thursday, Jan. 25......

     8:00 A.M.         Rollout of Atlantis to pad 39-A.

    11:30 A.M.         NASA Update will be transmitted.

Monday, Jan. 29........

     1:00 P.M.         FY '91 budget briefing from 6th floor
                       auditorium, NASA HQ.

All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch (LPC), NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Todd Courtois)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Cosmic rays....**URGENT!!**
Date: 25 Jan 90 01:40:46 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711
Keywords:Cosmic Rays, Mars, Lunar Radiation Levels


******************************
*        URGENT!!!           *
******************************


I am looking for data on the content/level of cosmic radiation.
Specifically, I would like to know the various particle percentages
and energy levels in these locations:

Martian surface (I don't know if this data exists)
Lunar surface
Various altitudes in our atmosphere
Earth orbit/ low earth orbit


I am doing basic research on an energy source which could potentially
be used for space propulsion, depending on these data.


Thank you very much for your help.   E-mail preferred.

--Todd Courtois

[e-mail]     or       [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Andrew Cowie)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Heavy Water (was Re: How do they commercially produce Pu238)
Summary: CANDU Reactor
Date: 21 Jan 90 23:34:16 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Andrew Cowie)
Organization: TVC Enterprises

In a recent article [e-mail] (Andrew J Hasara) wrote:
>   Because breeder reactors are heavy-water reactors, the US gov. regulates
>heavy water (deuterium oxide) and has some heavy restrictions on heavy-water
>reactors, and I think (with a lot of uncertainty) that there are no commercial
>heavy water nuclear power stations in the US.

I do not know a great deal about the regulatory policies of the US Government,
but you may find it interesting that the only type of commercial reactor used
in Canada is of type CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) which uses unenriched
uranium, for reasons ranging from political (95% enrichment being bomb grade -
the Canadian Government doesn't want it getting around - we sell a fair number
of CANDU reactors) to practical. (Why process it if you don't need to)

CANDU uses Deuterium Oxide (D2O, Heavy water) as its moderator in the reactor
vessel, and for the primary heat transfer circuit. This passes to a secondary
water system from which steam is generated, which drives the turbines.

Enough of this. I am sure there is a talk or soc group that would just love
this discussion. :-)

[ Please note that I have no connection whatsoever with the Canadian
Government, and that I do not speak for them, nor am I supporting or
detracting from their possition on nuclear energy. ]

--
Andrew F. Cowie at TVC Enterprises, Toronto, Canada.
uunet!mnetor!lethe!tvcent!andrew  [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jeff Martens)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: A Letter to NASA-Apologist Press
Date: 26 Jan 90 15:41:34 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: Jeff Martens <[e-mail]>
Distribution: usa
Organization: Ohio State University Computer and Information Science

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jim Bowery) writes:

    [ ... ]

>Despite receiving, by far, the largest amount of money for research
>and development of any civilian agency, NASA spends the least on
>science.

    [ ... ]

Ok, you lost me here.  I'm not going to claim that NASA does a good
job with the money it's given -- I don't know of any government agency
that would be true of -- but surely there are civilian agencies that
spend less on science, either by percentage of budget or by total
dollars.  HUD comes to mind; they don't put a lot of money into
science.
-=-
-- Jeff ([e-mail])

What's the difference between a Unix group and a group of eunichs?
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Voyager Update - 01/26/90
Date: 26 Jan 90 22:54:15 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17048 sci.astro:6547



                    Voyager Mission Status Report
                          January 26, 1990

                              Voyager 1

The spacecraft continue to collect routine cruise science data throughout
this period.  The A001 sequence began execution nominally on January 15
and one frame of high-rate PWS data was recorded.

Real-time  command traffic was limited to January 17 and entailed
transmission of a dummy CC and enablement of the day 024 Cruise Maneuver.

On January 11 and 12, Playback #8, containing Neptune Photometry images
15 through 36, Magnetometer Autocal Data, and PWS data, was executed.
The data were not received because there was no DSN 70-meter support
available.

On January 17, the IRIS Flash Off Heater and Replacement Heater were
turned off because no further activity is planned for the IRIS instrument.

Also on January 17, the AACS A and B Gyros were turned on, the APPW
Patch was delinked and a CCSTIM test was executed by the spacecraft.
None of these activities was observed due to loss of telemetry at DSS-15.
The station was experiencing heavy snowfall and, consequently, high System
Noise Temperatures (SNT).

Spacecraft performance for all the sequenced activity during this
report period has been nominal.

                              Voyager 2

The spacecraft continue to collect routine cruise science data throughout
this  period. High-rate UVS observations of HR 1679 were performed on
January 13 and 15. Only short periods of coverage could be provided for
these observations due to severe contentions with other users for 70-meter
support.

On January 15, a CCS A memory checksum and memory read-out sequence was
executed as a precursor to the scheduled CCS A memory refresh. Real-time
commands were then transmitted to perform the memory refresh and downlink
the post refresh checksums and memory read- out.  However, due to a
Galileo spacecraft emergency, our scheduled DSS-43 pass was pre-empted
and there was no station available for the downlink of the CCS A refresh
telemetry.  When a DSN pass was available on January 16, the spacecraft
state was nominal for a successful completion of the refresh sequence.

On January 17, the X-band TWT was commanded to the high-power mode and
the Bay 1 heater was turned off.  Also on January 17, Playback #1,
containing the B001 Torque Margin Test, PWS data and Neptune Photometry
Images 1 through 24, was performed.  Only the last three hours of the
seven-hour fifty-minute playback was received due to the lack of
sufficient DSN 70-meter support.

 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Gary Mason)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: A sad anniversery
Date: 27 Jan 90 00:22:06 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Jack Hart) writes...
>
>I'd just like to point out that Saturday, January 27 is the 23rd anniversery
>of the Apollo/Saturn 204 accident, in which Gus Grissom, Edward H. White II,
>and Roger B. Chafee died of asphyxiation in a capsule fire during a ground
>test of their Apollo block 1 spacecraft.

This date doesn't escape us all.  I was employed at NASA (GSFC) at that time,
and an avid follower of the space program, manned and otherwise.  I was to be
married the next day, and was having a small get-together with members of the
wedding party when we saw the news that evening.  I shall remember it always.

[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Stickster)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 aka "Blackbird"
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:46:13 GMT
Organization: Enterprise Information System, Marquette, MI


[e-mail] (K. Krallis) writes:

>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail]
(Donald Simmons) writes:
>>
>>    Hate to say this, but I am not sure what the SR-71 project was all
about. I
>>know that it was some sort of experimental aircraft, but there my
knowledge en
>>Can someone send me a run-down on the project and its history?
>>

>  Briefly, SR-71 is a high altitude high speed strategic reconnaissance
>aircraft.

>Costas Krallis
>Imperial College
>London UK

>[e-mail]

   The SR-71 is the end product of the YF-12A extremely high altitude and
speed interceptor program.  Both types of aircraft are used to this day
for experimental purposes.
--
==============================================================================
| Steve Langner-Stickster-Commodore SIGOp |  rutgers!sharkey!clmqt!slangner  |
| Enterprise Info. System, Mqt. MI, USA, Terra, Sol |  [e-mail]   |
=================> "It's dead Jim, but not as we know it." <==================
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Letter to the Editor
Date: 30 Jan 90 16:45:55 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet

Send this letter into your local newspaper and copy your congressman.

To the Editor:

In declaring a budget increase for NASA of 24%, without imposing
appropriate reforms on that agency, President Bush betrays the
principles and letter of his own space policy:

"           --   Utilize commercially available goods and services
to the fullest extent feasible, and avoid actions that may
preclude or deter commercial space sector activities except as
required by national security or public safety.  A space good or
service is "commercially available" if it is currently offered
commercially, or if it could be supplied commercially in response
to a government service procurement request.  "Feasible" means
that such goods or services meet mission requirements in a cost-
effective manner."

The expenditure of every major portion of NASA's budget could be
reformed to rely on commercial services, rather than civil servants
and closely associated contractors.

Most of the mission requirements of Space Station could be fulfilled
by a Commercially Developed Space Facility at a small fraction of the
cost of Space Station and at a much earlier date.  Mission to Planet
Earth could be accomplished by an array of privately developed,
launched and operated earth observation satellites much less
sophisticated than the current generation of commercial communcations
satellites.  Likewise, unmanned moon and Mars exploration could be
accomplished by private companies, given appropriate incentives.
Most of the projected payloads for the Shuttle could be launched
by commercial space carriers such as General Dynamics.

Until President Bush ceases his hypocritical support of Texas
pork-barrel and adheres to the principles of his own space
policy, Congress should feel no obligation to increase NASA's
budget and, indeed, should consider termination of funding for those
portions of the space agency which run counter to President's
stated policies.
---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 18:33:12 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Organization: University of Sussex

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Bob Gray) writes:
>Twenty years from now there should be a lot of second hand
>Japanese and Russian (and hopefully European) lunar ferries

The Russians appear to have a spare LEM now. It was built 20 years ago.
Ask yourself why it is still surplus. Japan on the other hand, is another
story.

 Meanwhile fans of the "lunar mine by '89" school of space development should
check out the last AW&ST, where (Jan 22, p.84) the Livermore plans are
described in some detail. I hadn't realised Lowell Wood and Rod Hyde were
leading lights in all this.

Nick


--
Nick Watkins, Space & Plasma Physics Group, School of Mathematical
& Physical Sciences, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, E.Sussex, BN1 9QH, ENGLAND
JANET: [e-mail]   BITNET: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 02/01/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 1 Feb 90 19:52:17 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, February 1, 1990                    Audio: 202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------
This is NASA Headline News for Wednesday, February 1......

Galileo is scheduled to arrive at Venus at 1:00am, Saturday,
February 10.  According to Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers,
the actual computer sequence to control Galileo through the
eleven-day fly-by has been developed.  It is now in final review
and will be sent to the spacecraft on February 6.  The spacecraft
is travelling at almost 81 thousand miles per hour relative to
the sun and currently 25.4 million miles from Earth and 2.9
million miles from Venus.

University of Alabama scientists report good news.  The
photographic survey shows 60% of the collection produced crystals
in zero gravity on the recent STS-32 Space Shuttle flight.
DuPont researchers say preliminary studies reveal the largest
crystals and the best data ever received.  One enzyme to treat
agriculture fungicides could possibly provide a breakthrough in
studies against serious crop diseases.

The STS-36 flight crew arrives this afternoon at Kennedy Space
Center to participate in the coutdown demonstration test.  While
at KSC, they will practice safety drills and they will be on the
Atlantis flight deck for the final portion of the exercise on
Saturday morning.

Scientists now believe gravity may have had more influence on the
'Big Bang' phenomena than originally expected.  It appears the
fluctuation in the development of small particles, like a pearl
in an oyster, started the build-up of a gravity power house --
getting a head-start on the construction job of the universe.
The Washington Post today reports that the findings about the
universe built on gravity will be published in this issue of the
British Journal monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society.

The LDEF is now hoisted to the canister for transfer to the clean
room tomorrow.  The la times front page yesterday featured a
four-column color foto of the LDEF showing a scene of the crew as
'it was lifted from the cargo bay after retrieval from six years
in space.'

USAF Lieutenant General, Samuel C. Phillips, died yesterday.  In
1964, he served NASA as Director of the Apollo lunar landing
program.  Administer Truly said, "Sam Phillips spent a lifetime
in service to his country.  I speak for everyone at NASA when I
say we shall miss him as a leader and as a friend."

                                ######





-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events for this
week on NASA Select TV.  All times are Eastern:


Saturday, February 2......

          8:00 AM - 11:00 AM      Countdown Demonstration Test
                                  with the STS-36 flight crew.









All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Funding
Summary: Coke in space?
Date: 19 Jan 90 19:47:13 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Organization: U. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

In article <5A0110121F340076-MTABWIDENER*DXANDY@widener> [e-mail] writes:
>
>  Please excuse me if this topic has been discussed previously, or it falls
>into the catagory of "too stupid to consider".

 'Sallright... Most of the stuff we read in the news already falls into that
category.

> If NASA were to enter the
>world of advertising, if only in a small way, surely it would be able to
>bring in several millions of dollars.  For example, if the ET were to act as
>huge billboard, I am sure that a company such as Coca Cola would pay massive
>amounts to have it painted like a giant Coke can.

 A while back, the Soviets, who were desparately seeking cash, announced that
they would be selling advertising space on their launch vehicles and
cosmonauts, and would be willing to sell footage of products being used in
space.

 -D

David C. Ross                     |     "If I spill soapy water on the floor,
U of Calgary                      |    is it dirty, or is it clean?"
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Gregory N. Bond)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News - 01/18/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 22 Jan 90 01:20:13 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: Burdett, Buckeridge and Young Ltd.
In-Reply-To: [e-mail]'s message of 19 Jan 90 02:46:09 GMT

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Ron Baalke) writes:

   ...Thomas Sega, the husband of Bonnie
   Dunbar...now in space aboard the Columbia...was selected as a
   mission specialist.

Hmm.  Now we have a morally-acceptable way to answer that ages old
space question....
--
Gregory Bond, Burdett Buckeridge & Young Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
Internet: [e-mail]    non-MX: [e-mail]
Uucp: {uunet,pyramid,ubc-cs,ukc,mcvax,prlb2,nttlab...}!munnari!melba.bby.oz!gnb
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Japanese craft to the moon
Date: 23 Jan 90 17:23:00 GMT
Nf-ID: #N:inmet:18500001:000:134
Nf-From: inmet.inmet.com!rich    Jan 23 12:23:00 1990


In today's (Jan. 23) Boston Globe, it mentions that Japan is launching
a craft to the moon.  Can anyone provide more details on this?
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (swaraj jeyasingh)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 01/12/90
Date: 24 Jan 90 09:48:51 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Organization: British Telecom Research Labs

From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Steve Friedl):
> I asked if it would be possible to bring Galileo back if some
> problem developed, and the answers weren't what I was looking
> for.  I understand that RTGs and cost questions and all that are
> relevant, but my intent is strictly one of orbital mechanics.
> Could Galileo be put in orbit around the Earth?  Is it going too
> fast?  Mine is a hypothetical question only.
>

According to the NASA press kit for STS34,

Earth 1 flyby ( about 600 mi)I*Dec. 8, 1990

Earth 2 flyby (200 mi)I*Dec. 8, 1992


From these figures it should be possible to work out velocities ?

Actually, the second figure looks too damn close! Atmospheric drag etc


BTW, can anyone explain why Magellan takes that much longer to reach Venus
than Galileo. I presume its due to the fact that the former has to orbit
Venus while the latter is doing a hyperbolic flyby (thus going faster,
thus requiring more fuel to slow down).
Do the different launch dates also impact this in any way. i.e if Galileo
had been launched at the same time as Magellan would it still have gotten
there quicker ?

Swaraj Jeyasingh                        [e-mail]
British Telecom Research Labs
Martlesham Heath,
IPSWICH
UK
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Management of polar platform to change (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 19:52:13 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 24, 1990

Paula Cleggett-Haleim
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.

Mike Braukus
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.


RELEASE:  90-10

MANAGEMENT OF POLAR PLATFORM TO CHANGE

     NASA Administrator Richard H. Truly has approved a plan to
transfer the management of the polar orbiting platform, currently
under development by the Office of Space Flight as part of the
Space Station Freedom program, to the Office of Space Science and
Applications which has responsibility for the proposed Earth
Observing System (EOS) program.

     President Bush has made preservation of the environment a
top priority.  NASA's EOS is a key element of the overall Mission
to Planet Earth initiative, the purpose of which is to produce
the understanding needed to predict changes in the Earth's
environment.  EOS will observe the Earth from polar orbit to
understand the processes that control the global environment.

     EOS is planned to be a major new effort within NASA, and the
unmanned polar platform will be the first piece of hardware to be
built for this program.  "This gives the responsibility for
managing the EOS platform to the office responsible for carrying
out the EOS mission," said Dr. William B. Lenoir, Associate
Administrator for Space Flight.  "In a management sense, it puts
the development and operation of the platform closer to the users
of the platform."

     Plans for EOS observations have been developed in
coordination with NASA's international partners.  "This
transition plan was discussed with our international partners and
we have assured them that agreements between us will be honored
in all regards," said Lenoir.

     The role of the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.,
which manages the EOS program and the polar platform, has not
been altered by this decision.  Goddard will continue to play a
vital role in the Freedom program as the NASA center responsible
for developing the Flight Telerobotic Servicer, a space robot
that will be used in the assembly and maintenance of the manned
base.

     Goddard will retain its management responsibility for
developing the platform with General Electric Astro Space,
Princeton, N.J., as the prime contractor.  Current plans call for
the U.S. platform to be launched in 1998 on a Titan IV rocket
from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.  The platform will have an
orbital lifetime of at least 5 years.

     Transition of management of the polar platform will be
conducted during the 1990 fiscal year.  Beginning in FY 1991,
complete responsibility for the polar platform will be
transferred to the Office of Space Science and Applications.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 25 Jan 90 09:55:55 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (USENET Administrator;;;;ZU44)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Organization: ucb
Summary:FoxClone?

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Tom Neff) writes:
>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jeff Lo) writes:
>>But the Foxbat has shown us everything it's got, inside and out.
>
>When Aviation Week takes one for a checkride, I'll believe it.  Remember
>this is a SENSITIVE area.  Even if you assume that US and Soviet defense
>intelligence communities each know the other power's high altitude
>capabilities, that doesn't mean we want, say, Chile to know.  (The
>American taxpayer ranks somewhere behind Luxembourg in the right-to-know
>pecking order, of course.)

Rumor went around a while ago that after we dissasembled one Viktor Belenko's
Foxbat, and took things like exact parts specifications down [the origional had
to be returned] the USAF had a couple built.  and was not impressed...
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Magellan Update - 01/25/90
Date: 26 Jan 90 00:01:06 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17027 sci.astro:6536



                     MAGELLAN STATUS REPORT
                          Jan. 25, 1990

     Today, the Magellan spacecraft is 113,712,818 miles from
Earth, traveling at a speed of 62,258 miles per hour relative to
the sun. One way light time is 10 minutes and 11 seconds.

     The spacecraft resumed operations in the standard cruise
mode again on Jan. 18, as planned, with the beginning of cruise
computer sequence 17.

     The spacecraft had invoked its fault protection software on
Dec. 31 when it detected a memory error in the high-level
privileged memory. The fault protection put the spacecraft into a
safety mode and shut off the prime-A command and data subsystem
and went to its backup system.

     The spacecraft also automatically switched from the high-
gain antenna to the medium-gain antenna and reduced the downlink
telemetry from 1,200 bits per second to 40 bps. Successful
reaction wheel desaturations and star calibrations were performed
by ground commands.

     The spacecraft's health and routine operations were
confirmed today by Magellan operations.

     SPACECRAFT
     Distance from Earth (mi)             113,712,818

     Velocity Heliocentric                62,258 mph

     One-way light time                   10 mins, 11 sec


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle
Subject: Global Outpost, Inc., to study uses of shuttle external tanks (Forwarded)
Date: 26 Jan 90 20:18:45 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17045 sci.space.shuttle:4652

Ed Campion
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                   January 26, 1990


RELEASE:  90-14

GLOBAL OUTPOST, INC., TO STUDY USES OF SHUTTLE EXTERNAL TANKS


     The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
Global Outpost, Inc., Alexandria, Va., today signed an agreement
under which NASA will support Global Outpost's exploration of the
feasibility of using Shuttle external tanks as research, storage
or manufacturing facilities in low-Earth orbit.

     Under the agreement, Global Outpost has the main
responsibility to address the issues associated with their
planned orbital use of external tanks.  NASA's support of
Global's efforts is on a direct cost, reimbursable basis.

     The external tank is a structure (154-feet long, 28.6 feet
in diameter) used to carry the 500,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen
and oxygen used by the Space Shuttle main engines during launch
and initial orbit insertion.

     The agreement follows an announcement of opportunity NASA
published in June 1988 which asked the private sector for
expressions of interest in commercial and academic approaches for
use of expended tanks.  This activity is part of NASA's effort to
seek and encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest
commercial use of space.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Terry Ingoldsby)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Magellan Update - 01/17/90
Summary: Metric, anyone?
Date: 27 Jan 90 02:32:40 GMT
Organization: The City of Calgary, Ab
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17052 sci.astro:6555

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Roy Smith) writes:
> In <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Ron Baalke) writes:
> > Today, the Magellan spacecraft is 113,471,037 miles from Earth

>     Arghh!  Why do they give the distances to 9 significant figures?

My complaint is that they give the distance in miles.  Surely NASA/JPL et al
are metric.  I've talked to layman who *firmly* believe that NASA does all
their work in imperial because that's how they do their press releases.
Still, I guess we should be happy for the updates - in whatever form.




--
  Terry Ingoldsby                ctycal![e-mail]
  Land Information Systems                 or
  The City of Calgary       ...{alberta,ubc-cs,utai}!calgary!ctycal!ingoldsb
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Edwin L Turner)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Yen for Space, not Amenities
Date: 29 Jan 90 20:23:25 GMT
Organization: Princeton University, NJ


Lunar Probes Launched in Japan
by Colin Nickerson (Boston Globe) Jan 25, 1990

Uchinoura, Japan - Japan's first lunar-bound space probe lifted off
yesterday, a jet of orange flame propelling it into the atmosphere.
...
the first lunar exploration mounted by any nation since the Soviet
Union's Luna 24 vehicle landed on the moon in August 1976.
...
  The thin, 93-foot rocket lifted its 420-pound payload,  ...
...
  ISAS is the smaller of Japan's two rival space agencies, and its
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
projects have been characterized as space exploration on a shoe-string
budget. Operating on a $143-million annual budget, the Muses-A program
has so far launched 20 missions without a failure.

  The tight budgetary constraints of the ISAS program were evident to
reporters covering the Muses-A launching. The unheated, plywood
observation "bunker" was about as sturdily constructed as a duck
blind. Illuminated by a single flourescent tube, its sole piece of
communications equipment was a telephone. There was no countdown
clock, much less a television monitor.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Fleet Manifest [Short Version] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 00:31:10 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

TO:  NASA PAO OFFICES

SUBJECT:  MIXED FLEET MANIFEST



IN ORDER TO SPEED UP THE RELEASE OF INFORMATION ABOUT
THE NEW MANIFEST BEING RELEASED BY NASA TODAY (1/29/90),
A SHORT VERSION CONTAINING ONLY FUTURE SHUTTLE AND ELV
FLIGHTS WILL BE SENT SHORTLY ON NASAMAIL.  LATER TODAY OR
EARLY TOMORROW THE COMPLETE MANIFEST WHICH INCLUDES INFORMATION
ABOUT PREVIOUS FLIGHTS, REQUESTED PAYLOADS WHICH HAVE NOT
BEEN ASSIGNED A SPECIFIC FLIGHT AND THE PAYLOAD ACRONYM LIST
WILL BE SENT ON NASAMAIL.

ATTENTION!!!!  IN ORDER TO PROPERLY FORMAT BOTH VERSIONS OF
THE MANIFEST YOU WILL NEED TO SET UP YOUR DOCUMENT IN
LANDSCAPE FORMAT WITH THE WIDEST MARGINS POSSIBLE.  TOTAL
CHARACTERS PER LINE IS APPROXIMATELY 120 AND NUMBER OF LINES
PER PAGE IS APPROXIMATELY 40.











=============================================================================














                                     PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS

                                          NASA MIXED FLEET

                                            JANUARY 1990






                                            SUBMITTED BY


                                        ROBERT L. TUCKER, JR.
                           ACTING DIRECTOR, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OFFICE


                                             APPROVED BY



                                          WILLIAM B. LENOIR
                              ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR SPACE FLIGHT


















                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS



     SECTION                                                PAGES

       1       MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES AND SUMMARY       1.1-1.3

       2       SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS           2.1-2.13

       3       ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS               3.1-3.3

       4       PREVIOUS FLIGHTS                             4.1-4.12

       5       PAYLOAD REQUESTS                             5.1-5.14

       6       PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST                         6.1-6.41


























                                        SECTION 1


                          MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES AND SUMMARY











                               MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES


     O    THIS MANIFEST INCLUDES PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS FOR THE SPACE SHUTTLE AND NASA EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE
          (ELV) MISSIONS THROUGH FISCAL YEAR 1996.

     O    THE MANIFEST SERVES AS A BASELINE FOR PLANNING PURPOSES. PRIMARY AND COMPLEX SECONDARY SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOAD
          FLIGHT ASSIGNMENT CONFIRMATION IS MADE APPROXIMATELY 19 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAUNCH.  NON-COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOAD
          ASSIGNMENTS ARE MADE 12 TO 5 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAUNCH.

     O    FOR SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHTS, PRIMARY AND COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOAD ASSIGNMENTS ARE SHOWN THROUGH FY96.
          NON-COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOADS ARE SHOWN ONLY ON FLIGHTS WHICH ARE 12 MONTHS OR LESS FROM LAUNCH.

     O    THROUGHOUT THIS DOCUMENT, PENDING REQUIREMENTS ARE NOTED "FOR NASA PLANNING PURPOSES."

     O    SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOAD AND FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES ARE IDENTIFIED IN THIS MANIFEST.  USE OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES
          FOR PAYLOAD AND/OR SPACE SHUTTLE DELAYS WILL MINIMIZE MAJOR MANIFEST REVISIONS, RESULTING IN GREATER OVERALL
          SCHEDULE STABILITY.

     O    UPDATES TO THIS MANIFEST WILL NORMALLY BE ISSUED ON A SEMI-ANNUAL BASIS.

     O    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:

                    TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OFFICE
                    MAIL CODE MC
                    NASA HEADQUARTERS
                    WASHINGTON, DC 20546 -- USA
                    TELEPHONE: [phone] TELEX: 497-9843 NASA WSH
                    FAX: [phone]










                                        SUMMARY

                                    By Fiscal Year


YEAR           FY 1990*  FY 1991   FY 1992   FY 1993   FY 1994FY 1995FY 1996TOTAL

                              EQUIVALENT SHUTTLE FLIGHTS

PAYLOADS

     NASA        4.65      7.35      8.27      9.57     10.30 11.19 10.3561.68

     DOD         3.00      2.00      1.00      0.00      0.00  0.00  0.00 6.00

     ALL OTHER   0.35       .65      1.73      1.43      1.70  0.81  1.65 8.32

       TOTAL     8.00     10.00     11.00     11.00     12.00 12.00 12.0076.00


                        EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE (ELV) FLIGHTS

VEHICLE CLASS

     SMALL          2       1         1         2         2       1    2  11

     MEDIUM         3       2         2         2         2    3    3  17

     INTERMEDIATE   1       1         2         1         0     2    0   7

     LARGE          0       0         0         0         0     1     1   2

    TOTAL           6       4         5         5         4     7   6  37


     *Total Flights, Planned and Flown












                                        SUMMARY

                                   By Calendar Year


YEAR           CY 1990*  CY 1991   CY 1992   CY 1993   CY 1994CY 1995CY 1996**TOTAL

                              EQUIVALENT SHUTTLE FLIGHTS

PAYLOADS

     NASA        7.00      5.34      9.07     11.35      8.92 11.00 10.3563.03

     DOD         2.00      2.00      1.00      0.00      0.00  0.00  0.00 5.00

     ALL OTHER     0        .66      1.93      1.65      2.08  0.00  1.65 7.97

       TOTAL     9.00      8.00     12.00     13.00     11.00 11.00     12.0076.00


                        EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE (ELV) FLIGHTS

VEHICLE CLASS

     SMALL          2       1         1         3         1       2     1     11

     MEDIUM         2       2         3         2         2    3     2     16

     INTERMEDIATE   1       1         2         0         1     2   0     7

     LARGE          0       0         0         0         0     1    1  2

    TOTAL           5       4         6         5         3     8  5     36


     *Total Flights, Planned and Flown
 **Includes flights projected for fourth quarter
























                                      SECTION 2


                          SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS











                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 36  | 90  2 22 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:JOHN O. CREIGHTON               |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           | P:JOHN H. CASPER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DAVID C. HILMERS               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:RICHARD M. MULLANE             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:PIERRE J. THUOT                |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 31  | 90  4 18 |28.5| 5 |HST                 N/A      |SE-82-16   | C:LOREN J. SHRIVER                |
|     |DISCOVERY | 310| 5 |IMAX-04             ICBC+MD  |RME III-01 | P:CHARLES F. BOLDEN               |
|     |          |  X |   |                             |AMOS-05    | MS:STEVEN A. HAWLEY               |
|     |          | 330|   |                             |IPMP-01    | MS:BRUCE MCCANDLESS II            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-III-03 | MS:KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |APM-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 35  | 90  5  9 |28.5| 7 |ASTRO-01            IG+2 PALL|SAREX II-01| C:VANCE D. BRAND                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 190| 9 |BBXRT-01            TAPS     |AMOS-06    | P:GUY S. GARDNER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JOHN M. LOUNGE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT A. R. PARKER            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:RONALD A. PARISE               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:SAMUEL T. DURRANCE             |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 38  | 90  7  9 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:RICHARD O. COVEY                |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           | P:FRANK L. CULBERTSON             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT C. SPRINGER             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:CARL J. MEADE                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:CHARLES D. GEMAR               |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
NOTE:  IN THE MISSION INTEGRATION PROCESS, EFFICIENCY AND INTEGRITY ARE ENHANCED IF FLIGHT NUMBERS ARE
       MAINTAINED AFTER ASSIGNMENT AT 19 MONTHS BEFORE LAUNCH.  WITH MANIFEST CHANGES, NUMERICAL SEQUENCE
       OF EARLY FLIGHTS IS NOT MAINTAINED.
* PLANS TO EXTEND TO 10 DAYS







                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 40  | 90  8 29 |39.0| 7 |SLS-01              LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:BRYAN D. O'CONNOR               |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 150| 9 |                             |           | P:SIDNEY M. GUTIERREZ             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TAMARA E. JERNIGAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:M. RHEA SEDDON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES P. BAGIAN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:F. DREW GAFFNEY                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:MILLIE HUGHES-FULFORD          |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 41  | 90 10  5 |28.5| 5 |ULYSSES             IUS/PAM  |SSCE-01    | C:RICHARD N. RICHARDS             |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 4 |                             |CHROMEX-02 | P:ROBERT D. CABANA                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |VC-CCTV    | MS:WILLIAM M. SHEPHERD            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |OCTW-01    | MS:BRUCE E. MELNICK               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SE-81-09   | MS:THOMAS D. AKERS                |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 37  | 90 11  1 |28.5| 5 |GRO                 N/A      |SSBUV-02   | C:STEVEN R. NAGEL                 |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 243| 5 |                             |CETA       | P:KENNETH D. CAMERON              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-III-04 | MS:JERRY L. ROSS                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |RME III-02 | MS:JAY APT                       |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SAREX II-02| MS:LINDA M. GODWIN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-07    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |APM-02     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 42  | 90 12 12 |28.5| 7 |IML-01              LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:RONALD J. GRABE                 |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 165| 9 |IMAX-05             N/A      |           | P:STEPHEN S. OSWALD               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MANLEY L. CARTER               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:NORMAN E. THAGARD              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM F. READDY              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ULF MERBOLD                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ROBERTA L. BONDAR              |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
NOTE:  IN THE MISSION INTEGRATION PROCESS, EFFICIENCY AND INTEGRITY ARE ENHANCED IF FLIGHT NUMBERS ARE
       MAINTAINED AFTER ASSIGNMENT AT 19 MONTHS BEFORE LAUNCH.  WITH MANIFEST CHANGES, NUMERICAL SEQUENCE
       OF EARLY FLIGHTS IS NOT MAINTAINED.








                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 43  | 91  1 31 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-E              IUS      |SHARE II   |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 5 |                             |CVTE-01    |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 44  | 91  3  4 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 45  | 91  4  4 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-01            IG+2 PALL|           | C:TBD                            |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9*|                             |           | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:C. MICHAEL FOALE               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:BYRON K. LICHTENBERG           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:MICHAEL L. LAMPTON             |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 46  | 91  5 16 |28.5| 7 |TSS-01              MPESS+1 P|EOIM-III   | C:ROBERT L. GIBSON                |
|     |DISCOVERY | 230| 7 |EURECA-1L           EURECA-A |/TEMP2A-03 | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |IMAX-06             ICBC     |           | MS:JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ         |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ALAUDE NICOLLIER               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:TBD                           |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* PLANS TO EXTEND TO 10 DAYS












                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 47  | 91  6 17 |57.0| 7 |SL-J                LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:TBD                            |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |                             |           | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MARK C. LEE                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:N. JAN DAVIS                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MAE C. JEMISON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:TBD                           |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 48  | 91  8 22 |57.0| 5 |UARS                N/A      |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 291| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 49  | 91  9 30 |33.4| 7 |STARLAB             LM+1 PALL|           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 175| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 50  | 91 12  5 |28.5| 5 |LAGEOS II           IRIS     |FTS-DTF-01 |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |                             |SPTN-02    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ASP        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |DXS        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 51  | 92  1 23 |57.0| 7 |AFP-675             PALLET   |STP-01     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 140| 8 |IBSS                SPAS     |MPEC       |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 52  | 92  2 13 |28.5| 5 |GEOSTAR-01          PAM-D2   |CVTE-02    |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |EURECA-1R           EURECA-A |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |USMP-01             MSL+MPESS|           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 53  | 92  3  5 |28.5| 7 |USML-01             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE








                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 54  | 92  4 23 |28.5| 6 |ACTS                TOS      |CANEX-02   |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |                             |WSF-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 55  | 92  5 28 |28.5| 7 |SL-D2               LM + USS |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 56  | 92  6 18 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-02            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-03   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 57  | 92  7 16 |57.0| 5 |SRL-01              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 130| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 58  | 92  8  6 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 59  | 92  9  3 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-01         SPACEHAB |SHOOT      |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |SPAS-ORFEUS         SPAS     |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |GEOSTAR-02          PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 60  | 92  9 30 |28.5| 7 |SLS-02              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 61  | 92 10 29 |28.5| 7 |INMARSAT-01         PAM-D2   |SRAD/TPITS |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 8 |                             |DEE        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ISEM-01    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IEH        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE












                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 62  | 92 12 10 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-F              IUS      |CAPL       |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 5 |                             |CVTE-03    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SHARE III  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 63  | 93  1 28 |28.5| 7 |IML-02              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 64  | 93  2 25 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-02         SPACEHAB |CXH-03     |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |GEOSTAR-03          PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 65  | 93  3 18 |28.5| 5 |USMP-02             MSL+MPESS|ISEM-02    |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |INMARSAT-02         PAM-D2   |HPE        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IFCE/CTM   |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 66  | 93  4 15 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-03            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-04   |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |SPAS-CRISTA         SPAS     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 67  | 93  5  6 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-2L           EURECA-A |CMG-04     |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 7 |                             |LITE       |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CXM-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 68  | 93  6 10 |28.5| 5 |HST REV-01          PALL+FSS |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 69  | 93  7  1 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 70  | 93  7 22 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-03         SPACEHAB |OAST-02    |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |                             |EOIM-IV    |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE











                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 71  | 93  9  2 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 72  | 93 10  1 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 73  | 93 10 22 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-04         SPACEHAB |FTS-DTF-02 |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |CMG-05     |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CXP-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 74  | 93 11 12 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-2R           EURECA-A |WSF-02     |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |USMP-03             MSL+MPESS|           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |SATCOM              PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 75  | 93 12  9 |57.0| 5 |SRL-02              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 130| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 76  | 94  2  3 |28.5| 7 |ISF-01              FM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 77  | 94  2 24 |28.5| 5 |XTE/EUVE RETR       FSS      |REFLEX     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |CXM-02     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 78  | 94  3 17 |57.0| 9 |ATLAS-04            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-05   |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 79  | 94  4  7 |28.5| 7 |USML-02             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE










                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 80  | 94  5 12 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-05         SPACEHAB |CXM-03     |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 81  | 94  6  2 |28.5| 5 |SFU-RETR            N/A      |FR-01      |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |USMP-04             MSL+MPESS|CXH-06     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 82  | 94  8  4 |28.5| 7 |SL-D3               LM + USS |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 83  | 94  8 25 |28.5| 5 |AAFE                UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 84  | 94 10  6 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-06         SPACEHAB |SSBUV-06   |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |NTE-02     |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CTM        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 85  | 94 10 27 |28.5| 7 |ISF-02              AM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 86  | 94 12  8 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 87  | 95  1 19 |57.0| 5 |OMV                 N/A      |SSS        |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |WISP                OMV+PALL |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |SPTN-T              MPESS    |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 88  | 95  2 15 |28.5| 7 |SLS-03              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE









                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 89  | 95  3  9 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-01(FEL)      UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 90  | 95  4 27 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-G              IUS      |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 91  | 95  6  1 |28.5| 7 |IML-03              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 92  | 95  6 22 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-02           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 93  | 95  8 10 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-03           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 94  | 95  9  7 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-05            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-07   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 95  | 95  9 28 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-H              IUS      |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 96  | 95 11 16 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-04           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 97  | 95 12  7 |57.0| 5 |SRL-03              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 130| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE









                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 98  | 96  1 11 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-07         SPACEHAB |CXH-07     |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 7 |EURECA-3L           EURECA-A |SSBUV-08   |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |DCWS       |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 99  | 96  2  8 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-05           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 100 | 96  2 29 |28.5| 5 |HST REV-02          PALL+FSS |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 101 | 96  3 28 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-06           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 102 | 96  5  9 |28.5| 7 |USML-03             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 103 | 96  5 30 |28.5| 7 |ISF-03              FM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 104 | 96  6 20 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-07(MTC)      UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 105 | 96  7 18 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-3R           EURECA-A |CXH-08     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |USMP-05             MSL+MPESS|FR-02      |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 106 | 96  8 15 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-06            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-09   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE










                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 107 | 96  9 19 |28.5| 7 |SSF/OF-01           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+

























                                      SECTION 3


                            ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS












                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 04    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |90.0 |   LEO | WSMC   | MACSAT(NAVY)      |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 05    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 50E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-D            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 05    | MEDIUM        | DELTA                 |57.0 |   LEO | ESMC   | ROSAT             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 06    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |18.0 |   GTO | ESMC   | CRRES             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |108  |   LEO | WSMC   | SALT(NAVY)        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 01    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | PROFILE(NAVY)     |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 05    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 34E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-I            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 06    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-I            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 08    | MEDIUM        | DELTA                 |28.5 |   LEO | ESMC   | EUVE              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 02    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-J            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   TBD | WSMC   | SAMPEX            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 07    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |28.7 |    HE | ESMC   | GEOTAIL           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 09    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 11E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-J            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 09    | INTERMEDIATE  | TITAN III             |28.5 |    EO | ESMC   | MARS OBSERVER     |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |28.7 |    HE | ESMC   | WIND              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|




                                            3.1






                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |90.0 |    HE | WSMC   | POLAR             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   LEO | WSMC   | TOMS              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   LEO | WSMC   | SWAS              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 10    | INTERMEDIATE  | TBD                   |28.7 |   GSO | ESMC   | MSAT              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 12    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   LEO |  TBD   | FAST              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 12    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-K            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |98.6 |   LEO | WSMC   | RADARSAT          |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 09    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-04           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-01        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 03    | INTERMEDIATE  | TBD                   |28.5 |    HE | ESMC   | SOHO              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 04    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-L            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-05           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-02        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 07    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-K            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 08    | LARGE         | TITAN IV /CENTAUR     |TBD  |  PLAN | ESMC   | CRAF              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|


                               3.2








                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 12    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-06           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-03        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 04    | LARGE         | TITAN IV /CENTAUR     |TBD  |  PLAN | ESMC   | CASSINI           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-07           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-04        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 07    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-M            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|




















                               3.3




END OF SHORT VERSION OF JAN. 1990 MANIFEST
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Alan Hepburn)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/22/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 22 Jan 90 20:10:21 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Alan Hepburn)
Organization: National Semiconductor, Santa Clara

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee) writes:
>
>If processing remains on schedule, the orbiter will begin a
>two-day flight aboard the 747-carrier aircraft, on Thursday
>morning.  Once Columbia arrives back at the Cape, techincians
>will remove the Long Duration Exposure Facility from its cargo
>bay.


Has anyone thought about naming the 747-carrier?  It seems that it
would be a lot more "romantic" (for want of a better term) to see
"Columbia will begin a two-day flight aboard <insert name here>".
Maybe we need to start a campaign similar to naming "Enterprise".







--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alan Hepburn                            Omne ignotum pro magnifico
mail: [e-mail]             My opinions are just that: opinions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 23 Jan 90 03:03:23 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Dan Tilque)
Distribution: na
Organization: Scalp Tonic Interdiction Agency

[e-mail] (Forrest Gehrke) writes:
>
>On a somewhat different tack---possibly asked before---if CFC's
>are responsible for the Anarctic ozone hole, since most CFC must
>be released in the Northern Hemisphere, why isn't there a
>hole (and  even larger) over the North polar region in winter?

A hole (or at least a serious thining) has been observed in the Arctic
regions.  It is much smaller that the Antarctic one.

Current theories are that differences in weather patterns are
responsible for the different sized holes.  My impression is that the
weather patterns in the southern hemisphere isolate the air over
Antarctica which concentrates the CFC's.  The weather pattern is
thought to be caused by the geography: more or less round continent
centered on the pole, completely ice-covered, well separated by seas
from other continents.  This is a faily simple geography and leads to
relatively simple weather patterns.

The geography in the north is more diverse, leading to more diverse
weather.

Note that this reflects the latest ideas printed in Science News.
Tomorrow, someone may come along with a better theory.

---
Dan Tilque    --    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (102SMI)
Newsgroups: sci.space,comp.unix.wizards,comp.realtime
Subject: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Summary: entire article
Date: 23 Jan 90 17:58:26 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Daniel Pezely)
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: University of Delaware lab rats
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16964 comp.unix.wizards:21254 comp.realtime:396

(Double check the newsgroup if you follow-up.)


    DIGITAL REVIEW -- Business & Industry article:
    "NASA Chooses LynxOS For Space Station System"

    Selection of Unix-Based, Real-time Operating system Could
    Launch Trend of Acceptance, Market Growth

CAMPBELL, Calif. --- In what may be the first use of a Unix-based,
real-time operating system by the U.S. government, NASA has selected
LynxOS from Lynx Real-Time Systems for use on the space station
Freedom.

To be launched into orbit by 1996, the station will carry as many as 40
Intel-based microcomputers, all running LynxOS and linked over an FDDI
network, according to Lynx President Inder Singh.

The selection of LynxOS represents a major coup for the small Silicon
Valley software company and could signal a trend toward greater
acceptance of real-time operating systems that are compatible with
AT&T's Unix, according to Rikki Kirzner, and industry analyst for the
San Jose, Calif.-based market research company Dataquest.
Traditionally, the market for a real-time Unix system has been small.

LynxOS was chosen by IBM, which is the systems subcontractor with
Freedom's primary contaractor, McDonnell Douglas Space Systems.

Under the contract with IBM, Lynx will customize its software by adding
a real-time Ada [yuk] interface as well as real-time extensions dictated
by the IEEE's Posix standard's committee.  LynxOS has already passed a
government test suite for Posix compatibility, according to Singh.
[What about BSD? :-)]

Freedom's on-board computer systems running LynxOS will be used to
regulate the space station's flight control operations, life support
systems, communications, and tracking as well as experimental and
operational applications.

LynxOS will also be used to run off-the-shelf commercial software
applications, such as an Informix database and a Q-Calc spreadsheet
applications.  [No mention of any games: moria, hack, TinyMUD, etc, nor
any mention of Morris's security `utility'.]

LynxOS' ability to be used with existing Unix applications may give the
company a chance to be more competitive with other, more established
real-time operating system vendors, Kirzner said.

The main market for real-time operating system software lies with
manufactures of self-contained computer systems, which do their work
without human intervention and have little need to interact with
existing applications, Kirzner said.

However, the growing trend toward Unix applications in markets such as
factory-floor management could give Lynx and its Unix-based competitors
a leg up, according to Kirzner.

--
    From Jan 15, 1990 issue of DIGITAL REVIEW (vol 7, no. 2)
    Article reprinted WITHOUT premission, of course.
Daniel Pezely <[e-mail]> (NSFnet)   Home: 728 Bent Ln, Newark, DE 19711
Comp Sci Lab, 102 Smith Hall, U of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA 302/451-6339
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Payload Summary for 01/24/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 22:05:17 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

[For those of you who wondered what CITE stands for, here is the answer.
My apologies for not capitalizing it in my previous payload status
postings -- I didn't know what it meant either. -PEY]



                                 Payload Status Report
                                 Hubble Space Telescope
                                 January 24, 1990

          George H. Diller
          NASA PA-PIB
          Kennedy Space Center


               The prelaunch testing of the Hubble Space Telescope in the
          Vertical Processing Facility at KSC continues to run on schedule
          with only minor problems.

               The telescope was powered up after the holidays to resume
          tests on Jan. 11th.  The first test using the Cargo Integrated
          Test Equipment, or the beginning of CITE testing, was
          accomplished on Jan. 12 with the successful completion of the
          Interface Verification Test (IVT).  During this exercise,
          electrical and data interfaces to be used with the orbiter were
          tested.  Only two minor problems involving software were found.

               The second CITE test was held yesterday, Jan. 23, the first
          of two End-to-End tests.  This test verifies the ability of the
          Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Goddard Space Flight
          Center in Greenbelt, Md. to later receive data from the telescope
          using the communications systems of the orbiter.  There was only
          one problem encountered during the test which was associated with
          the 1 megabit data uplink from KSC.  This was traced to ground
          support equipment and did not invlove the telescope.  The final
          End-to-End test is scheduled for Jan. 27.

               Functional testing of HST is also continuing.  The powered
          up operation of the Wide Field Planetary Camera (WFPC) was
          successfully demonstrated last week.  The WFPC was installed into
          the telescope by the test team just before Christmas.

               During aft compartment closeout operations, a short in the
          single point grounding wire located within Bay 4 of the telescope
          was detected.  This was seen once previously while the telescope
          was in Sunnvyvale.  The test team has traced the problem to a
          pinching of the grounding wire by an adjacent bolthead when the
          access door of Bay 4 is closed.  The wire was repaired and
          relocated to preclude further interference.

               Partial component reinstallation and testing of the Science
          Instrument Control and Data Handler has been successfully
          accomplished.  A second set of partial components will be
          reinstalled and tested this week.  This unit is an interface
          computer between the main computer and the science experiments.

               A revised processing schedule is currently under development
          in view of the revised forecasted launch date of Apr. 19.  The
          most likely effect will be to reschedule remaining work based on
          a five-day work week instead of the current six-day week.  If
          this plan is adopted, HST will be installed into the payload
          canister on Mar. 30, moved to the launch pad on Apr. 2, and
          installed into the payload bay of Discovery on Apr 5.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Mary Shafer (OFV))
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Aviation Week's Farewell SR-71 Issue
Date: 25 Jan 90 16:17:59 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Distribution: usa
Organization: NASA Dryden, Edwards, Cal.
In-reply-to: [e-mail]'s message of 24 Jan 90 20:42:22 GMT

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Larry Smith) writes:

>   The story also mentions that NASA will receive 3 SR-71s. These
>   birds will be put into flyable storage, pending someone in NASA
>   figuring out what they can be used for.

Not just any part of NASA, but Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility
(check the .sig if you wonder why this is so important), which flew
two YF-12s (935 and 937) for many years.

We already know what they can be used for, but if I tell you, then I
have to kill you (imminent death of the net predicted!).  Actually,
I believe that a program is being advocated and it's probably not
going to be highly classified, but I've always wanted to say that.

We didn't just ask to have these so that we might have a program some
day, we really have a plan.

--

Mary Shafer  [e-mail] or ames!skipper.dfrf.nasa.gov!shafer
         NASA Ames Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, CA
                   Of course I don't speak for NASA
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Bruce Dunn)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 28 Jan 90 11:09:26 GMT
Organization: MIND LINK! - British Columbia, Canada


     Henry Spencer writes that LOX and LH2 production are largely industrial,
and that production for space uses is unlikely to be a major environmental
problem.  In any largish city, you may be able to find a simple example of how
commonplace LOX is - try your local hospital.  Look around the building for a
large tank, next to a heat exchanger covered with ice.  The tank is full of
LOX, which is run through the heat exchanger to produce gaseous oxygen for the
hospital oxygen piping system going to each room.  If you are really lucky, you
may see a tanker truck drive up and fill the tank.  It isn't particularly
sophisticated - a hose is run from the insulated tanker to the hospital tank,
and a pump run by an auxiliary engine pumps the LOX through the hose.  The
tanker I watched used an old VW Beetle engine to run the pump.  As the LOX is
pumped, some of the LOX in the tanker is circulated through a LOX/air heat
exchanger on the tanker to provide gaseous oxygen for the increasing headspace
over the remaining LOX in the tanker.
     - Bruce
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jan Bielawski)
Newsgroups: rec.video,sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Laserdiscs
Date: 30 Jan 90 06:39:41 GMT
Followup-To: rec.video
Distribution: na
Organization: University of California, San Diego
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu rec.video:11066 sci.space:17094

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Hunter Scales) writes:
<
<    A few years ago, I heard of a Laserdisc that NASA had produced that
<    had thousands of still video pictures on it.  I think they were
<    of Voyarger, but I can't be sure.  Does anyone know if NASA still
<    does this and where I can get information on these discs?

It's called "Space Disc" (mostly white cover) and it also contains some
breathtaking time-lapse photography: the moons of Saturn and the rings
circling the planet, etc.  It came with some relevant Hypercard software
or something like that.  I believe it's out of print.  :-(

Jan Bielawski        Internet:    [e-mail]
            Bitnet:        [e-mail]
Dept. of Math        UUCP:        [e-mail]
UCSD              ( {ucsd,sdcsvax}!{igrad1,sdcc6}!ma299ai )
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Wm E. Davidsen Jr)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Magellan Update - 01/17/90
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:44:25 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (bill davidsen)
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: *IX Public Access UNIX, Schenectady NY
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17089 sci.astro:6595

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (PUT YOUR NAME HERE) writes:

| From the Flight Requirements Plan from a recent NASA sounding rocket
| campaign (2 Black Brants), the rocket and payload dimensions are
| specified in inches, the "gravimetrics" in pounds, and other units
| such as the slug-ft^2 appear as well.  Not a meter or kilogram in
| sight.

  I postulate that a majority of the taxpayers think in Imperial units,
the engineers were brought up in them, etc. I don't have any strong
feelings about having stuff in metric one way or the other, but having
grown up in Imperial, most units get converted mentally before I really
have a good feel for how big, heavy, fast, etc, they are. That goes
double for temperature of human habitat, where the C degree is too big.
--
    bill davidsen - sysop *IX BBS and Public Access UNIX
[e-mail]        ...!uunet!crdgw1!sixhub!davidsen

"Getting old is bad, but it beats the hell out of the alternative" -anon
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Mixed Fleet Manifest for 01/90 [Part 5 of 7] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 17:44:48 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA


   ASTROC               Astroculture-1                   Evaluates liquid nutrient management in a
                                                         non-saturated matrix in a microgravity environment.

   ATDRS                Advanced Tracking and Data       Next generation of NASA tracking, data and
                        Relay Satellite                  communications satellites.

   ATLAS                Atmospheric Laboratory for       Measures long term variability in the total energy
                        Applications and Science         radiated by the sun and determines the variability
                                                         in the solar spectrum.



                                    6.3






                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   ATLAS I/II                                            Commercial intermediate class expendable launch
                                                         vehicle.

   AUSSAT               Australian Communication         Direct broadcast communication satellite which
                        Satellite                        provides services to continental Australia and
                                                         offshore territories.

   AXAF                 Advanced X-Ray Astronomy         A major free flying X-Ray observatory using a high
                        Facility                         resolution telescope.  Designed to operate in orbit
                                                         for 15 years.

   B/U                  Back-up

   BBXRT                Broad Band X-Ray Telescope       Provides high resolution x-ray spectra for both
                                                         point and extended sources, including stellar
                                                         coronae, x-ray, binaries, active agalactic nuclei,
                                                         and clusters of galaxies.

   BCD                  Bone Cell Development            Measures development of various bone cells in
                                                         microgravity for life sciences.

   BGBA                 Bioserve Generic                 Evaluates self assembly and directed assembly of
                        Bioprocessing Apparatus          macro-molecules

   BIMDA                Bioserve ITA Materials           A wide range of tests focused on the assembly of
                        Dispersion Apparatus             macromolecules.  Uses a middeck thermal enclosure.

   BIOPLATFORM          Biological Platform              A recoverable free-flyer platform used to conduct
                                                         life science experiments.

   BMLM                 Amelioration of Bone-Mass        Studies the effect of bone mass loss in
                        Loss in Microgravity             experimental animals.


                                            6.4







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   BPC                  Battelle Polymer Composites      Study catalytic curing of several liquid polymers
                                                         in microgravity.

   C                    Commander                        Member of the Shuttle flight crew in command of the
                                                         flight.

   C360                 Cinema 360                       35mm motion picture camera for the purpose of
                                                         photographing crew and mission activities.

   CANEX                Canadian Experiment              Group of Canadian experiments conducted by a
                                                         Canadian Payload Specialist.

   CAP                  Complex Autonomous Payload       A secondary payload using Getaway Special hardware
                                                         but with operational or support requirements that
                                                         cannot be accommodated in the GAS program.

   CAPL                 Capillary Pump Loop              Experiment to quantify behavior of a full-scale
                        Experiment                       capillary pumped loop heat transfer system in
                                                         microgravity.

   CASSINI                                               Saturn Orbiter/Titan Probe complements CRAF mission
                                                         by the study of physically and chemically primitive
                                                         objects.  Includes a rendevous with Saturn.

   CB                   Cell Biology                     Life science experiments to study the effects of
                                                         weightlessness on cells of life forms.

   CBDE                 Carbonated Beverage              Pepsico, Inc. experiment to evaluate packaging and
                        Dispenser Evaluation             dispensing techniques for space flight consumption
                                                         of carbonated beverages.


                                             6.5






                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   CETA                 Crew and Equipment               Multi-purpose crew system that provides rapid
                        Transaction Aid                  return to the Shuttle airlock in case of emergency,
                                                         allows efficient translation, and carries
                                                         equipment.

   CFES                 Continuous Flow                  Demonstrates the technology of pharmaceutical
                        Electrophoresis System           processing in space.

   CGAS                 Commercialization GAS            An Office of Commercial Programs payload using GAS
                                                         hardware.

   CHAMP                Comet Halley Active              Observes Comet Halley on STS flights.
                        Monitoring Program

   CHROMEX              Chromosomes Experiment           Investigation of the effects of space flight on
                                                         plant tissue growth.

   CLOUDS               Cloud Logic to Optimize Use      Hand-held 35 mm photography for observations of
                        of Defense Systems               cloud formation, dissipation, and opaqueness.

   CM-X                 Commercial Middeck Payload       Commercial development middeck payload (X denotes
                                                         approximate number of lockers)

   CMG                  Commercial Middeck-Galley        Commercial development middeck "galley replacement"
                                                         payload (e.g., use of the middeck accommodations
                                                         rack or equivalent).








                                            6.6






                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   CMSE/E               Candidate Materials Space        Evaluation of candidate composite materials for
                        Exposure (CMSE) Evaluation       space structures for degradation due to exposure in
                        Of Oxygen Interaction With       low earth orbit with EOIM-III for baseline data
                        Materials-III (EOIM-03)          correlation.

   CNCR                 Characterization of              Microgravity effects on circadian rhythms of
                        Neurospora Circadian             neurospora.
                        Rhythms in Space

   COBE                 Cosmic Background Explorer       Determines the spectrum anistropy of cosmic
                                                         microwave background.

   COLDSAT              Cyrogenic On Orbit Liquid        Zero-g cryogenic fluids transfer experiment.
                        Depot-Storage and Transfer

   COMSTAR                                               Communications satellite for COMSAT.

   CONCAP2                                               Investigate materials surface reactions to exposure
                                                         to atomic oxygen flow in earth orbit for high
                                                         temperature super-conducting films and for
                                                         materials degradation/reaction samples.

   CRAF                 Comet Rendevous Asteroid         Explores two primitive bodies to gather new
                        Fly-by                           information on the origin and evolution of the
                                                         solar system, prebiotic chemical evolution and the
                                                         orgin of life, and astrophysical plasma dynamics
                                                         and processes.

   CREAM                Cosmic Radiation Effects         Uses an active cosmic ray monitor and seven passive
                        and Activation Monitor           packages to record on-orbit cosmic ray
                                                         environments.



                                6.7









                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   CRRES                Combined Release and             Satellite involving Active Plasma Experiments and
                        Radiation Effects Satellite      the study of radiation effects of various
                                                         spacecraft components.

   CRUX                 Cosmic Rays Upset                Studies on-orbit cosmic ray environments and
                        Experiment                       monitors upsets on microcircuit devices.

   CRW                  Crew                             The Shuttle flight crew for a particular mission.

   CSA                  Canadian Space Agency

   CSI/CASES            Controls Structure               Experiments which are part of the OAST Control of
                        Interaction/Controls             Flexible Structures program.  Project to deploy a
                        Astrophysics and Structures      structure with an occulter plane assembly in a
                        Experiment in Space              micro-gravity environment from the Shuttle.

   CTM                  Collapsible Tube Mast            Foreign Reimbursable Hitchhiker-G payload.

   CVTE                 Crystals By Vapor Transport      Investigate application of chemical vapor transport
                        Experiment                       crystal growth process to materials of practical
                                                         value in semiconductor and electo-optical devices.

   CXH                  Commercial Cross-bay             Commercial development cross-cargo bay payload
                        Carrier                          using "Hitchhiker-M" class systems or equivalents
                                                         for more complex requirements.

   CXM                  Commercial Cross-bay             Commercial development cross-cargo bay payload
                        Carrier (MSL)                    using Materials Science Laboratory (MSL) class
                                                         systems or equivalents.

   CXP                  Commercial Cross-bay             Commercial development cross-cargo bay payload
                        Carrier (Spacelab Pallet)        using Spacelab pallet class systems.


                                6.8







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   DAD                  Dual Air Density                 Measures global density of upper atmosphere and
                                                         lower exosphere.

   DCWS                 Debris Collision Warning         Provides the capability for sensing space debris in
                        System                           the 1 to 10 mm size and determines albedo and
                                                         spectral characteristics of a large sample of low
                                                         earth orbit debris.

   DDEL                 Drug Delivery                    Investigate methods to apply drugs to reduce bone
                                                         loss

   DEE                  Dexterous End Effector           Demonstrates a sensor for the Shuttle RMS which
                                                         will allow for more precise crew control.

   DFI PLT              Development Flight               A pallet used to accommodate the DFI used on the
                        Instrumentation Pallet           first four Shuttle flights.

   DLR                  Deutsche Forschungsanstalt       Federal German aerospace research establishment.
                        fur Luft-und Raumfahrt

   DMOS                 Diffusive Mixing of Organic      Grow crystals of organic compounds for research
                        Solutions                        programs for the 3M Corporation's Science Research
                                                         Laboratory.

   DNLOS                Doped Non-Linear Optic           Determine the effect of microgravity on non-linear
                        Substrates                       optic properties of polymeric materials.

   DOD                  Department of Defense

   DOD M88-01           Department of Defense            Evaluates the capability of man in space to enhance
                        M88-01                           air, naval, and ground force operations and
                                                         assesses the feasibility of observations of space
                                                         debris while in orbit.


                                6.9







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   DPA                  Dual Photon Bone                 Develop means of non-invasion monitoring loss of
                        Densitometer                     bone density.
                        Miniaturization

   DS                   Docking System                   Docking system for use in assembly and servicing of
                                                         the ISF.

   DUR                  Duration                         Mission duration of each Shuttle flight.

   DXS                  Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer       Shuttle experiment to make spectral observations of
                                                         the diffuse galactic soft x-ray background to
                                                         determine the ionic, elemental abundances and the
                                                         plasma temperature of the hot phase of the
                                                         interstellar medium.

   EASE/ACCESS          Experimental Assembly of         Obtains human factors data during assembly of
                        Structures in EVA/Assembly       structures in space during Extra Vehicular
                        Concept for Construction of      Activity.
                        Erectable Space Structures

   EDO                  Extended Duration Orbiter        Kit added to Orbiter to extend energy resources to
                                                         support mission duration up to sixteen days.

   EEVT                 Electrophoresis Equipment        Technology demonstration of apparatus to evaluate
                        Verification Test                the effects of electrophoresis on biological cells
                                                         in 0-g.

   EISG                 Experiment to Investigate        An experiment to study and evaluate the effects of
                        Spacecraft                       temperature on the glow characteristics of
                                                         materials exposed to high velocity atomic elements.




                                6.10








                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION

   ELRAD                Earth-Limb Radiance              Obtain measurements of earth-limb radiance for
                        Equipment                        various positions of the sun from near limb up to 9
                                                         degrees below earth horizon.

   ELV                  Expendable Launch Vehicle

   EO                   Escape Orbit

   EOIM                 Evaluation of Oxygen             Determines effects of atomic oxygen degradation on
                        Interaction with Materials       1100 candidate materials.

   EOS                  Earth Observing System           A complement of polar orbiting satellites
                                                         conducting Earth science observations.

   ERBS                 Earth Radiation Budget           Collects global earth radiation budget data.
                        Satellite

   ESA                  European Space Agency

   ESMC                 Eastern Space and Missile        USAF organization headquartered at Patrick AFB,
                        Center                           Florida.

   EURECA               European Retrievable             Platform placed in orbit for six months offering
                        Carrier                          conventional services to experimenters.

   EUVE                 Extreme Ultraviolet              Produces definitive sky map and catalog of extreme
                        Explorer                         ultraviolet portion of electromagnetic spectrum
                                                         100-1000 angstroms).






                                6.11







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   EXOSAT               ESA X-Ray Satellite              Provides continuous observations of x-ray sources.

   FAST                 Fast Auroral Snapshot            An investigation of the processes operating within
                        Explorer                         the auroral region.

   FDE                  Fluid Dynamics Experiment        A package of six experiments flown in the middeck
                                                         that involve simulating the behavior of liquid
                                                         propellants in low gravity.

   FDS                  Fluid Dynamics Studies           Investigate methods of fluids management in
                                                         microgravity.

   FEA                  Fluids Experiment Assembly       Investigate floating zone crystal growth processing
                                                         investigations on selected semi-conductor
                                                         materials.

   FEE                  French Echocardiograph           Obtains on-orbit cardiovascular system data.
                        Equipment

   FEL                  First Element Launch             Initial launch of components for the Space Station
                                                         Freedom manned base (SSF/MB).

   FLT                  Flight                           The flight sequence number for Shuttle missions.

   FLT OPPTY            Flight Opportunity               A planned Shuttle flight without assigned payloads.

   FLTSATCOM            Fleet Communication              U.S. Navy communications satellite.
                        Satellite

   FM                   Facility Module                  A man-tended module in support of ISF providing
                                                         space for middeck locker inserts and common racks
                                                         for payload accommodations.


                                6.12







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   FPE                  French Postural Experiment       Studies sensory-motor adaptations in
                                                         weightlessness.

   FR                   Foreign Reimbursable             Foreign reimbursable Hitchhiker-G type payload.

   FSC                  Fleet Satellite                  U.S. Navy communications satellite (same as
                        Communications                   FLTSATCOM).

   FSS                  Flight Support System            Support system used for revisit missions.

   FTS-DTF              Flight Telerobotic Servicer      Flight test of a telerobotic concept for Space
                        Demonstration Test Flight        Station attached payload assembly and maintenance,
                                                         platform and satellite servicing, space station and
                                                         maintenance assembly inspection.

   FUELCELL             Fuel Cell                        Investigate Advanced Fuel Cell Systems

   FUSE                 Far Ultraviolet                  Astronomy Ultraviolet Satellite
                        Spectroscopy Explorer

   GALAXY                                                Hughes communications satellite.

   GALILEO                                               Investigates the chemical composition and physical
                                                         state of Jupiter's atmosphere and satellites.

   GAS                  Get Away Special                 Alternate name for the Small Self-contained Payload
                                                         (SSCP) program, providing standard canisters to
                                                         accommodate low-cost space experimentation.

   GAS BRIDGE           Getaway Special Bridge           Structure in the payload bay that can hold up to
                                                         twelve GAS canisters.



                                6.13







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   GAS TEST                                              Test instrumentation to verify ability of the GAS
                                                         hardware to function properly in flight.

   GBA                  Generic Bioprocessing            Develop advanced systems for, and investigations
                        Apparatus                        in, bioprocessing of materials

   GE                   General Electric

   GEOSTAR                                               Interactive radiodetermination satellite.

   GEOTAIL                                               Explore Geotail of the Earth Plasma Physics.

   GHCD                 Growth Hormone                   Microgravity effects on growth hormone distribution
                        Concentration &                  of various plant life.
                        Distribution in Plants

   GLOMR                Global Low Orbit Message         Packet data relay satellite.
                        Relay

   GLOW                                                  Atmospheric luminosities investigation.

   GOES                 Geostationary Operational        NOAA weather satellites.
                        Environmental Satellite

   GOSAMR               Gelation of Sols:  Applied       Investigate gelation of multicomponent colloidal
                        Microgravity Research            solutions and suspensions (SOL).

   GP                   Gravity Probe                    Scientific probe to test Einstein's Theory of
                                                         Relativity.

   GRO                  Gamma Ray Observatory            Investigates extraterrestrial gamma-ray sources.



                                6.14







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   GSO                  Geosynchronous Orbit

   GTO                  Geosynchronous Transfer
                        Orbit

   HC-XX                Hughes Communications            Series of commercial communications satellites.

   HCMM                 Heat Capacity Mapping            Produces thermal maps for discrimination of rock
                        Mission                          types, mineral resources, plant temperatures, soil
                                                         moisture, snow fields, and water runoff.

   HE                   High Eccentricity Orbit

   HEAO                 High Energy Astronomical         Satellite to study energetic radiation from space.
                        Observatory

   HEATPIPE             Micro Heat Pipe Evaluation       Evaluate efficacy of micro heat pipes in
                                                         microgravity.

   HELIO                Heliocentric

   HH-G1                Hitchhiker-Goddard               Demonstration flight of Hitchhiker-G hardware.

   HILAT                High Latitude                    Evaluate propagation effects of disturbed plasmas
                                                         on radar and communications systems.

   HITCHHIKER-G         Hitchhiker-Goddard               Shuttle cargo bay sidewall mounted carrier for
                                                         small experiments.

   HITCHHIKER-M         Hitchhiker-Marshall              Shuttle cargo bay across-bay carrier for small
                                                         experiments.



                                6.15








                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   HME                  Handheld Microgravity            Provides for middeck experiments of limited scope
                        Experiment                       in order to allow for low-cost, timely testing of
                                                         concepts or procedures, or the early acquisition of
                                                         data.

   HMF                  Health Maintenance Facility      Evaluates techniques and equipment proposed for
                                                         Space Station health maintenance, such as surgery,
                                                         blood chemistry, etc.

   HPCG                 Handheld Protein Crystal         Develops techniques to produce in low-g protein
                        Growth                           crystals of sufficient size and quality to permit
                                                         molecular analysis by diffraction techniques.

   HPE                  Heat Pipe Experiment             Foreign Reimbursable Hitchhiker-G payload.

   HPP                  Heat Pipe Performance &          Environment experiment to study the microgravity
                        Working Fluid Behavior in        effects of working fluids used in heat pipes.
                        Micro-gravity

   HPTE                 High Precision Tracking          Demonstrates ability to propagate a low power laser
                        Experiment                       beam through the atmosphere.

   HRSGS-A              High Resolution Shuttle          Obtains high resolution spectra, in the visible and
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:16:02 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Organization: U. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Paul Dietz) writes:
[Stuff deleted]
>Even with half a smiley, the wishful thinking in that paragraph
>is overwhelming.
>
>The Soviets...  I said last year I thought cuts in their program,
>perhaps even a termination of manned spaceflight, were possibilities.
[...]
>The Japanese space program is pitiful compared to the other space
>powers.  I don't see them having the ability to send anyone to the
>moon by 2010.  They may be able to send people to LEO by then.

 While we're on the subject, does anyone out there want to bash on the
European and Chinese space programs? Specifically, what are they up to, and
do they have any plans besides making money, and getting something to work,
respectively?

 -D
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/30/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 19:13:24 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, January 30, 1990                     Audio: 202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------


This is NASA Headline News for Tuesday, January 30........

NASA Administrator, Admiral Richard Truly, reviewed the
highlights of NASA's FY '91 budget request during yesterday's
press conference.  He said, "the proposed budget of $15.12
billion is an increase of $2.8 billion over the current year's
appropriation demonstrating the administration's continued strong
support for NASA and the civil space program.  He also said, "it
reflects the President's belief that investment in space yields
substantial benefits."  The President's budget claimed space a
priority among three of the most exciting frontiers in America's
future now being explored.

NASA released a new flight manifest yesterday calling for 64
Space Shuttle missions through 1995.  The new schedule includes
13 flights in 1993, 12 in 1992, 8 for 1991 and 9 this year.
Retrieval of the Long Duration Exposure Facility, and initially
planned for last December, put the just completed Columbia flight
forward to this year.  This moved a Strategic Defense Initiative
payload to the 1992 manifest.  Columbia and Discovery each will
fly 16 missions.  Atlantis will fly 17 times and the first flight
of the orbiter, Endeavour, will be February, 1992.

A new schedule for Ulysses will launch the solar probe this
October aboard the Space Shuttle, Discovery.  The joint European
Space Agency and NASA mission to send a spacecraft around the
sun's poles will be launched  during a 19-day launch window that
opens October 5, 1990 to avoid waiting 13 months before another
launch opportunity opens.

Kennedy Space Center ground crews finished loading the Atlantis
oxidizer tanks yesterday.  Today, they will be loading fuel on
board the orbiter.  A helium signature test revealed there are no
leaks in the main propulsion system or main engine.  The terminal
coundtown demonstration test with the STS-36 flight crew
participating from the flight deck is on schedule.  The count
begins at 8:00 AM on Friday, February 2, and concludes at 11:00 AM,
Saturday, February 3.

Overnight preparations went smoothly at the Kennedy Space Center
as the Columbia's payload doors opened early this morning.  The
Long Duration Exposure Facility is scheduled to be removed at
4:00 PM today.  A replay of the ten minute preparation video shown
on NASA Select TV and live on CNN is scheduled for tomorrow at
8:00 AM
                              ########




-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events on NASA
Select TV.  All times are Eastern:

Tuesday, January 30......

         2:00 PM                  STS-32 post flight news
                                  conference from Johnson
                                  Space Center.

Wednesday, January 31.....

         8:00 AM                  Preparation for LDEF
                                  unloading from Columbia at
                                  Kennedy Space Center.

Thursday, February 1......

         11:30 AM                 NASA Update will be
                                  transmitted.

Saturday, February 2......

         8:00 AM - 11:00 AM       Countdown demonstration
                                  test with the STS-36
                                  flight crew.

All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Payload Status for 01/17/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 20 Jan 90 02:08:01 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Daily Status/KSC Payload Management and Operations 01-17-90


- STS-31R HST (at VPF) -

SI/C&DH installation was completed.  This was followed by
IPCU interface power troubleshooting prior to the start of
HST functional testing which began on second shift last
night.  Functional testing is to run continuously through to
Friday.  ECS system is up and running in support of HST
testing.

- STS-32R SYNCOM (at Pad A) -

Final planning for download of LDEF and SYNCOM ASE continues.

- STS-35 ASTRO-1/BBXRT (at O&C) -

IPR work off and T-O signal testing were accomplished
yesterday.  Plan to pick back up with power up interface
verification testing today.

- STS-40 SLS-1 (at O&C) -

MVAC familiarization and training began yesterday and will
continue throughout this week.  Pyrell foam replacement
continues.  Rack 4 ICRS reconfiguration was completed.

- STS-42 IML (at O&C) -

Rack 9 & 11 clevis drilling and reinforcement was completed.
Rack 3 & 4 to be worked today.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Summary: While we're getting picky...
Keywords: Shuttle, Airplanes, Air
Date: 23 Jan 90 20:42:23 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Ross)
Organization: U. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
[A whole lot of stuff deleted]
>Oh please, lets not draw thin lines around definitions of Space & Aircraft!
>Even though the X-15 is fixed wing and rocket powered it is nevertheless an
>aircraft flying through AIR (thin at that height but still air >-}, whereas the
>Shuttle et al are spacecraft which travel through SPACE, sure they travel
>through air to get get their & back again, but this does not make them
>aircraft!

Really? You certainly don't seem to mind drawing thin lines around 'Air' and
'Space', now do you? I don't believe that the Shuttle ever has completely left
the Earth's atmosphere. As I heard someone once say, it's "Thin at that height
but still air". You may want to take a look at what happens to the Shuttle
while orbiting: It has to fly through 'Air'. I guess that would make it,
by your definition, an aircraft, no?

 -D
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 24 Jan 90 11:56:40 GMT
Organization: University of Western Australia

>You're going the wrong way.  Sustained altitude is lower than peak.

My syntax may have been confusing but that is what i implied i.e. The Foxbat's
top altitude is approx. 6km higher than the Blackbird's thus it's sustained
altitude would be appropriatly higher (than the Blackbird's).

>Which was an incorrect comment.  Viktor Belenko, who defected in 1976
>with his MiG-25, wrote that SR-71s flew well above the Foxbats with
>impunity.  The MiG-25/missile combination was considered effective up
>to 87,000 ft. (with the missile going above the plane), but the SR-71s
>were much higher.  They were unable to come close to nailing an SR-71,
>although they tried.  It was a source of continuing frustration.

Aleksandr Fedotov's 25-JUL-1973 flight was an all out record attempt achieving
118,897ft in a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat.
You cannot compare a 'record attempt' with a 'mission flight', where Foxbat's
would be flying a great deal lower.

>The official SR-71 speed record is about 2,200 mph. (Mach 3.4).
>The Foxbat is redlined at Mach 2.8.  The SR-71 can cruise around
>over the Foxbat's head.  I believe it's safe to conclude that a
>Blackbird zoom climb could easily break the Foxbat's zoom climb record
>of ~130,000 ft. if the necessary authorities authorized an official attempt.

130,00ft! that is an incorrect figure that would put it above the Bell X-2
which flew around 115,000ft.

Capt. Eldon Joersz's 28-JUL-1982 record flight achieved 2,193.21mph on a
9.3mile straight course in a Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird.

The Foxbat is capable of Mach 3.2 i.e. 2,110mph.

The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is 'said' to be capable of an altitude of
<100,000ft. The USAF requirment in 1958 called for 106,000ft.

Maj. James V Sullivan & Maj. Noel F Widdifield's 01-SEP-1974 Trans-Atlantic
flight was completed at 85,000ft in a Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird.

The Foxbat is much more manoeuvrable but has far less range.

The Blackbird's utilize Pratt&Whitney JT11D-20B turbojets producing 65,000 lbs
of thrust together. The Foxbat utilizes Tumansky R-29B turbojets producing
48,500 lbs of thrust together.

>Since the Blackbird is on the verge of retirement, it would be nice
>to let it publicly show what it can do.

I fully agree this would be a great idea
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Larry Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SSX
Date: 25 Jan 90 01:16:08 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Larry Smith)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Intel Corp., Hillsboro, Oregon


Thanks to  [e-mail]. I enjoyed the info on SSX. I
have been trying to find out more information on it for about
a year. There was a article in Defense Week last year (89)
about SSX. I have a copy of the article but not the date it
was published.

Anyway, according to Defense Week, SSX is a Maxwell Hunter
'crusade'. Max Hunter, according to the article, is the rocket
engineer responsible for the design of the large expendable
fuel tanks on the Space Shuttle. Max is quoted as saying that
SSX does have some support in the Pentagon and the SDI office,
but that on the whole, there is little interest because the
nation is committed to the space shuttle program.

Max said this at a SSX presentation at a conference sponsored
last year by the High Frontier. High Frontier is a Washington
based pro-SDI group according to Defense Week. The article
also quotes him as saying: "There is always an uphill battle
for something new, and I am good at walking uphill. This has
been my life." At the point of the conference, he had been
trying to sell SSX to the government for two years.

I am a very pro-NASP type of person, and I support efforts
like SSX, or vehicles like SSX. I agree with the posting that
the vehicles don't conflict one another. Based on the advanced
propulsion technical papers that I read, and if NASP type
vehicles are developed, I expect that SSX types of vehicles,
as well as NASP types of vehicles, will develop out of NASP
research (unless SSX happens first). Some of the NASP concepts
look just like the SSX blunt cone. However they are powered
by a ring of rocket based combined cycle engines, most of which
are some form of duct based ejector (or rocket). I have seen
propulsion concepts where there is a turbofan in the duct along
with the diffuser (inlet), ejector, and nozzle. Such a design
allows efficient low speed (turbofan powered) as well as high
speed (ramjet to pure rocket powered) capability (the
turbofan gets out of the way during the high speed cycle). All
components can even be used together during certain speed
regimes (its then called a supercharged ejector ramjet).

So I see an exciting future for new types of booster vehicles
(if we don't drop the ball).

Larry Smith
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 25 Jan 90 04:09:06 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jeff Lo) writes:
>But the Foxbat has shown us everything it's got, inside and out.

When Aviation Week takes one for a checkride, I'll believe it.  Remember
this is a SENSITIVE area.  Even if you assume that US and Soviet defense
intelligence communities each know the other power's high altitude
capabilities, that doesn't mean we want, say, Chile to know.  (The
American taxpayer ranks somewhere behind Luxembourg in the right-to-know
pecking order, of course.)
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Greg Goebel)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: "Military" Shuttle?
Date: 24 Jan 90 14:52:38 GMT
Organization: Measurement Systems Operation - Loveland, CO


Some ... person ... sent a letter to NPR which they read, and which
objected to NPR's coverage of Shuttle Missions because they were promoting
a "primarily military program".

My first thoughts in response to such a remark should probably not be
placed in print.  What percentage of Shuttle missions are military in nature?
It was my understanding that the military is bending heaven and earth to move
all their launches to expendables.
--
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Greg Goebel                             NET:     gvg@hpislx                |
| Hewlett-Packard                         HP DESK: GREG GOEBEL / HP0900 / EM |
| MSO Marketing                           PHONE:   Telnet/303 679-3424       |
| POB 301 / MS-CU312 / Loveland CO 80539  FAX:     Telnet/303 679-5957       |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 26 Jan 90 17:19:25 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Smith)
Organization: Hewlett-Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>My syntax may have been confusing but that is what i implied i.e. The Foxbat's
>top altitude is approx. 6km higher than the Blackbird's thus it's sustained
>altitude would be appropriatly higher (than the Blackbird's).

I don't see that this contention is supported by the other, interesting,
information you contributed.

>Aleksandr Fedotov's 25-JUL-1973 flight was an all out record attempt achieving
>118,897ft in a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat.
>You cannot compare a 'record attempt' with a 'mission flight', where Foxbat's
>would be flying a great deal lower.

Exactly.  So let's let the wraps off the SR-71.

>130,00ft! that is an incorrect figure that would put it above the Bell X-2
>which flew around 115,000ft.

Incorrect it may be, but your figure still puts it above the X-2.
The X-2 is irrelevant, anyway.  A couple of years ago, the answer to
a radio station trivia question was that the Foxbat record was about
126,000 ft.  I rounded that up.  I am happy to acknowledge your Foxbat
zoom climb record of 118,000 ft., which strengthens my case anyway.

>Capt. Eldon Joersz's 28-JUL-1982 record flight achieved 2,193.21mph on a
>9.3mile straight course in a Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird.
>
>The Foxbat is capable of Mach 3.2 i.e. 2,110mph.

It depends on what you mean by "capable."  Western intelligence had
assigned M3.2 to the Foxbat, as it was observed to do that once passing
over Israel.  Western intelligence also knew that the engines were
ruined, and had to be replaced after that particular flight.  Belenko
informed us that engine ruination was inevitable any time the plane
went that fast, which was the reason for the M2.8 redline.    What speed
was the F8U-3 Super Crusader "capable" of in the late '50s?  It was
still accelerating smartly at 1,650 mph, but was then held back to
avoid weakening the canopy with heat.  Who knows what the SR-71's redline is?

>The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is 'said' to be capable of an altitude of
><100,000ft. The USAF requirment in 1958 called for 106,000ft.

And Navy submarines are "said" to be capable of a speed of 20 knots.
Doesn't mean they can't do more.

>Maj. James V Sullivan & Maj. Noel F Widdifield's 01-SEP-1974 Trans-Atlantic
>flight was completed at 85,000ft in a Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird.

And they averaged 1,800 mph (~Foxbat redline) New York to London,
in spite of the time spent at slower speeds for inflight refueling.
The SR-71 is known to be able to cruise at >1,800 mph at 85,000 ft.
If we give it no more than that, it should be able to break the Foxbat's
zoom-climb record.  If it could pull up and convert its horizontal
speed to vertical with perfect efficiency, ignoring drag and thrust,
it would be good for another 109,000 feet above the 85,000 it started
with.  Now, it could be in trouble if it did that, due to lack of
reaction thrusters or heat or g loads coming down, but it would be
"capable" of it.  Well, perfect efficiency and zero drag won't be
achieved, but I'd have to believe 118,000 ft. could be exceeded.
--

            David R. Smith, HP Labs
            [e-mail]
            [phone]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Steve Nuchia)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Magellan Update - 01/17/90
Date: 28 Jan 90 06:20:46 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Steve Nuchia)
Organization: Houston Public Access
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17069 sci.astro:6567

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Terry Ingoldsby) writes:
>> > Today, the Magellan spacecraft is 113,471,037 miles from Earth
>>     Arghh!  Why do they give the distances to 9 significant figures?
>My complaint is that they give the distance in miles.  Surely NASA/JPL et al
>are metric.  I've talked to layman who *firmly* believe that NASA does all

Sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but the attempt to get the
space station designed in "hard" metric failed.  Pretty much all
the metric dimensions on NASA hardware have lots of decimal places,
which turn out to be multiples of 1/16 inch as often as not.

Disgusting, but true.  It is a source of some disgruntlement
among the civilized nations attempting joint development
with NASA too.
--
Steve Nuchia          South Coast Computing Services      [phone]
"If the conjecture `You would rather I had not disturbed you
 by sending you this.' is correct, you may add it to the list of
 uncomfortable truths."   - Edsgar Dijkstra
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Paul L Schauble)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 24 Jan 90 03:28:48 GMT
Organization: The Portal System (TM)

>The Blackbird's altitude capability ... higher than the records it has set.

As it it's speed capability. Now that they are going out of service, I wish
the Air Force would do one all-out honest for-the-record run to get the real
capabilities of the bird into the record books.

  ++PLS
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: One Dead Woman
Date: 30 Jan 90 02:30:29 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet

In the February 1986 issue of "New Woman" magazine, an article entitled
"The Right Stuff:  How an ordinary teacher, wife and mother became the
first private citizen in space", documents Christa McAuliffe's selection and
training as an astronaut.  In that article, Terrance McGuire, M.D. and
psychiatric consultant to NASA responsible for screening astronaut candidates
is quoted on the subject of tolerance to high level stress.  The kind of
situation for which a candidate must be prepared:

"...a real emergency, everything is going fine and then suppose well,
A SEAL BREAKS (emphasis JB), and suddenly you're in big trouble.  In a
situation like that you need clarity of mind and the ability to move now."
---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Mixed Fleet Manifest for 01/90 [Part 1 of 7] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 16:33:10 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

[As usual, this manifest looks best on 120 columns.  The manifest is
split into seven parts, at no particular paper boundary.  Cat the separate
parts together to form the whole. -PEY]














                                     PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS

                                          NASA MIXED FLEET

                                            JANUARY 1990






                                            SUBMITTED BY


                                        ROBERT L. TUCKER, JR.
                           ACTING DIRECTOR, TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OFFICE


                                             APPROVED BY



                                          WILLIAM B. LENOIR
                              ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR SPACE FLIGHT


















                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS



     SECTION                                                PAGES

       1       MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES AND SUMMARY       1.1-1.3

       2       SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS           2.1-2.13

       3       ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS               3.1-3.3

       4       PREVIOUS FLIGHTS                             4.1-4.12

       5       PAYLOAD REQUESTS                             5.1-5.14

       6       PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST                         6.1-6.41


























                                        SECTION 1


                          MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES AND SUMMARY











                               MIXED FLEET MANIFEST NOTES


     O    THIS MANIFEST INCLUDES PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS FOR THE SPACE SHUTTLE AND NASA EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE
          (ELV) MISSIONS THROUGH FISCAL YEAR 1996.

     O    THE MANIFEST SERVES AS A BASELINE FOR PLANNING PURPOSES. PRIMARY AND COMPLEX SECONDARY SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOAD
          FLIGHT ASSIGNMENT CONFIRMATION IS MADE APPROXIMATELY 19 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAUNCH.  NON-COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOAD
          ASSIGNMENTS ARE MADE 12 TO 5 MONTHS PRIOR TO LAUNCH.

     O    FOR SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHTS, PRIMARY AND COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOAD ASSIGNMENTS ARE SHOWN THROUGH FY96.
          NON-COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOADS ARE SHOWN ONLY ON FLIGHTS WHICH ARE 12 MONTHS OR LESS FROM LAUNCH.

     O    THROUGHOUT THIS DOCUMENT, PENDING REQUIREMENTS ARE NOTED "FOR NASA PLANNING PURPOSES."

     O    SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOAD AND FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES ARE IDENTIFIED IN THIS MANIFEST.  USE OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES
          FOR PAYLOAD AND/OR SPACE SHUTTLE DELAYS WILL MINIMIZE MAJOR MANIFEST REVISIONS, RESULTING IN GREATER OVERALL
          SCHEDULE STABILITY.

     O    UPDATES TO THIS MANIFEST WILL NORMALLY BE ISSUED ON A SEMI-ANNUAL BASIS.

     O    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:

                    TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OFFICE
                    MAIL CODE MC
                    NASA HEADQUARTERS
                    WASHINGTON, DC 20546 -- USA
                    TELEPHONE: [phone] TELEX: 497-9843 NASA WSH
                    FAX: [phone]










                                        SUMMARY

                                    By Fiscal Year


YEAR           FY 1990*  FY 1991   FY 1992   FY 1993   FY 1994FY 1995FY 1996TOTAL

                              EQUIVALENT SHUTTLE FLIGHTS

PAYLOADS

     NASA        4.65      7.35      8.27      9.57     10.30 11.19 10.3561.68

     DOD         3.00      2.00      1.00      0.00      0.00  0.00  0.00 6.00

     ALL OTHER   0.35       .65      1.73      1.43      1.70  0.81  1.65 8.32

       TOTAL     8.00     10.00     11.00     11.00     12.00 12.00 12.0076.00


                        EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE (ELV) FLIGHTS

VEHICLE CLASS

     SMALL          2       1         1         2         2       1    2  11

     MEDIUM         3       2         2         2         2    3    3  17

     INTERMEDIATE   1       1         2         1         0     2    0   7

     LARGE          0       0         0         0         0     1     1   2

    TOTAL           6       4         5         5         4     7   6  37


     *Total Flights, Planned and Flown












                                        SUMMARY

                                   By Calendar Year


YEAR           CY 1990*  CY 1991   CY 1992   CY 1993   CY 1994CY 1995CY 1996**TOTAL

                              EQUIVALENT SHUTTLE FLIGHTS

PAYLOADS

     NASA        7.00      5.34      9.07     11.35      8.92 11.00 10.3563.03

     DOD         2.00      2.00      1.00      0.00      0.00  0.00  0.00 5.00

     ALL OTHER     0        .66      1.93      1.65      2.08  0.00  1.65 7.97

       TOTAL     9.00      8.00     12.00     13.00     11.00 11.00     12.0076.00


                        EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE (ELV) FLIGHTS

VEHICLE CLASS

     SMALL          2       1         1         3         1       2     1     11

     MEDIUM         2       2         3         2         2    3     2     16

     INTERMEDIATE   1       1         2         0         1     2   0     7

     LARGE          0       0         0         0         0     1    1  2

    TOTAL           5       4         6         5         3     8  5     36


     *Total Flights, Planned and Flown
 **Includes flights projected for fourth quarter
























                                      SECTION 2


                          SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS











                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 36  | 90  2 22 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:JOHN O. CREIGHTON               |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           | P:JOHN H. CASPER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DAVID C. HILMERS               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:RICHARD M. MULLANE             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:PIERRE J. THUOT                |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 31  | 90  4 18 |28.5| 5 |HST                 N/A      |SE-82-16   | C:LOREN J. SHRIVER                |
|     |DISCOVERY | 310| 5 |IMAX-04             ICBC+MD  |RME III-01 | P:CHARLES F. BOLDEN               |
|     |          |  X |   |                             |AMOS-05    | MS:STEVEN A. HAWLEY               |
|     |          | 330|   |                             |IPMP-01    | MS:BRUCE MCCANDLESS II            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-III-03 | MS:KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |APM-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 35  | 90  5  9 |28.5| 7 |ASTRO-01            IG+2 PALL|SAREX II-01| C:VANCE D. BRAND                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 190| 9 |BBXRT-01            TAPS     |AMOS-06    | P:GUY S. GARDNER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JOHN M. LOUNGE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT A. R. PARKER            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:RONALD A. PARISE               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:SAMUEL T. DURRANCE             |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 38  | 90  7  9 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:RICHARD O. COVEY                |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           | P:FRANK L. CULBERTSON             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT C. SPRINGER             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:CARL J. MEADE                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:CHARLES D. GEMAR               |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
NOTE:  IN THE MISSION INTEGRATION PROCESS, EFFICIENCY AND INTEGRITY ARE ENHANCED IF FLIGHT NUMBERS ARE
       MAINTAINED AFTER ASSIGNMENT AT 19 MONTHS BEFORE LAUNCH.  WITH MANIFEST CHANGES, NUMERICAL SEQUENCE
       OF EARLY FLIGHTS IS NOT MAINTAINED.
* PLANS TO EXTEND TO 10 DAYS







                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 40  | 90  8 29 |39.0| 7 |SLS-01              LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:BRYAN D. O'CONNOR               |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 150| 9 |                             |           | P:SIDNEY M. GUTIERREZ             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TAMARA E. JERNIGAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:M. RHEA SEDDON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES P. BAGIAN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:F. DREW GAFFNEY                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:MILLIE HUGHES-FULFORD          |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 41  | 90 10  5 |28.5| 5 |ULYSSES             IUS/PAM  |SSCE-01    | C:RICHARD N. RICHARDS             |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 4 |                             |CHROMEX-02 | P:ROBERT D. CABANA                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |VC-CCTV    | MS:WILLIAM M. SHEPHERD            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |OCTW-01    | MS:BRUCE E. MELNICK               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SE-81-09   | MS:THOMAS D. AKERS                |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 37  | 90 11  1 |28.5| 5 |GRO                 N/A      |SSBUV-02   | C:STEVEN R. NAGEL                 |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 243| 5 |                             |CETA       | P:KENNETH D. CAMERON              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-III-04 | MS:JERRY L. ROSS                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |RME III-02 | MS:JAY APT                       |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SAREX II-02| MS:LINDA M. GODWIN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-07    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |APM-02     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 42  | 90 12 12 |28.5| 7 |IML-01              LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:RONALD J. GRABE                 |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 165| 9 |IMAX-05             N/A      |           | P:STEPHEN S. OSWALD               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MANLEY L. CARTER               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:NORMAN E. THAGARD              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM F. READDY              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ULF MERBOLD                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ROBERTA L. BONDAR              |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
NOTE:  IN THE MISSION INTEGRATION PROCESS, EFFICIENCY AND INTEGRITY ARE ENHANCED IF FLIGHT NUMBERS ARE
       MAINTAINED AFTER ASSIGNMENT AT 19 MONTHS BEFORE LAUNCH.  WITH MANIFEST CHANGES, NUMERICAL SEQUENCE
       OF EARLY FLIGHTS IS NOT MAINTAINED.








                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 43  | 91  1 31 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-E              IUS      |SHARE II   |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 5 |                             |CVTE-01    |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 44  | 91  3  4 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | X |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 45  | 91  4  4 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-01            IG+2 PALL|           | C:TBD                            |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9*|                             |           | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:C. MICHAEL FOALE               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:BYRON K. LICHTENBERG           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:MICHAEL L. LAMPTON             |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 46  | 91  5 16 |28.5| 7 |TSS-01              MPESS+1 P|EOIM-III   | C:ROBERT L. GIBSON                |
|     |DISCOVERY | 230| 7 |EURECA-1L           EURECA-A |/TEMP2A-03 | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |IMAX-06             ICBC     |           | MS:JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ         |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ALAUDE NICOLLIER               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:TBD                           |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* PLANS TO EXTEND TO 10 DAYS












                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 47  | 91  6 17 |57.0| 7 |SL-J                LM       |GAS BRIDGE | C:TBD                            |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |                             |           | P:TBD                            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MARK C. LEE                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:N. JAN DAVIS                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MAE C. JEMISON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TBD                           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:TBD                           |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 48  | 91  8 22 |57.0| 5 |UARS                N/A      |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 291| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 49  | 91  9 30 |33.4| 7 |STARLAB             LM+1 PALL|           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 175| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 50  | 91 12  5 |28.5| 5 |LAGEOS II           IRIS     |FTS-DTF-01 |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |                             |SPTN-02    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ASP        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |DXS        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 51  | 92  1 23 |57.0| 7 |AFP-675             PALLET   |STP-01     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 140| 8 |IBSS                SPAS     |MPEC       |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 52  | 92  2 13 |28.5| 5 |GEOSTAR-01          PAM-D2   |CVTE-02    |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |EURECA-1R           EURECA-A |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |USMP-01             MSL+MPESS|           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 53  | 92  3  5 |28.5| 7 |USML-01             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE








                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 54  | 92  4 23 |28.5| 6 |ACTS                TOS      |CANEX-02   |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |                             |WSF-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 55  | 92  5 28 |28.5| 7 |SL-D2               LM + USS |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 56  | 92  6 18 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-02            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-03   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 57  | 92  7 16 |57.0| 5 |SRL-01              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 130| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 58  | 92  8  6 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 59  | 92  9  3 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-01         SPACEHAB |SHOOT      |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |SPAS-ORFEUS         SPAS     |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |GEOSTAR-02          PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 60  | 92  9 30 |28.5| 7 |SLS-02              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 61  | 92 10 29 |28.5| 7 |INMARSAT-01         PAM-D2   |SRAD/TPITS |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 8 |                             |DEE        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ISEM-01    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IEH        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE












                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 62  | 92 12 10 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-F              IUS      |CAPL       |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 5 |                             |CVTE-03    |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SHARE III  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 63  | 93  1 28 |28.5| 7 |IML-02              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|13*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 64  | 93  2 25 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-02         SPACEHAB |CXH-03     |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |GEOSTAR-03          PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 65  | 93  3 18 |28.5| 5 |USMP-02             MSL+MPESS|ISEM-02    |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |INMARSAT-02         PAM-D2   |HPE        |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IFCE/CTM   |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 66  | 93  4 15 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-03            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-04   |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |SPAS-CRISTA         SPAS     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 67  | 93  5  6 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-2L           EURECA-A |CMG-04     |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 7 |                             |LITE       |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CXM-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 68  | 93  6 10 |28.5| 5 |HST REV-01          PALL+FSS |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 69  | 93  7  1 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 70  | 93  7 22 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-03         SPACEHAB |OAST-02    |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |                             |EOIM-IV    |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE











                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 71  | 93  9  2 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 72  | 93 10  1 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 73  | 93 10 22 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-04         SPACEHAB |FTS-DTF-02 |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |CMG-05     |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CXP-01     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 74  | 93 11 12 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-2R           EURECA-A |WSF-02     |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |USMP-03             MSL+MPESS|           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |SATCOM              PAM-D2   |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 75  | 93 12  9 |57.0| 5 |SRL-02              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 130| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 76  | 94  2  3 |28.5| 7 |ISF-01              FM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 77  | 94  2 24 |28.5| 5 |XTE/EUVE RETR       FSS      |REFLEX     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |CXM-02     |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 78  | 94  3 17 |57.0| 9 |ATLAS-04            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-05   |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 79  | 94  4  7 |28.5| 7 |USML-02             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE










                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 80  | 94  5 12 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-05         SPACEHAB |CXM-03     |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 81  | 94  6  2 |28.5| 5 |SFU-RETR            N/A      |FR-01      |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |USMP-04             MSL+MPESS|CXH-06     |                                  |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Mixed Fleet Manifest for 01/90 [Part 2 of 7] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 16:35:34 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 82  | 94  8  4 |28.5| 7 |SL-D3               LM + USS |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 83  | 94  8 25 |28.5| 5 |AAFE                UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 84  | 94 10  6 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-06         SPACEHAB |SSBUV-06   |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |PL OPPTY                     |NTE-02     |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CTM        |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 85  | 94 10 27 |28.5| 7 |ISF-02              AM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 86  | 94 12  8 | TBD|TBD|FLT OPPTY                    |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD|TBD|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 87  | 95  1 19 |57.0| 5 |OMV                 N/A      |SSS        |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |WISP                OMV+PALL |           |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |SPTN-T              MPESS    |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 88  | 95  2 15 |28.5| 7 |SLS-03              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE









                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 89  | 95  3  9 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-01(FEL)      UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 90  | 95  4 27 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-G              IUS      |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 91  | 95  6  1 |28.5| 7 |IML-03              LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 92  | 95  6 22 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-02           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 93  | 95  8 10 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-03           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 94  | 95  9  7 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-05            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-07   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 95  | 95  9 28 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-H              IUS      |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 96  | 95 11 16 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-04           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 97  | 95 12  7 |57.0| 5 |SRL-03              PALL+MPES|           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 130| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE









                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 98  | 96  1 11 |28.5| 5 |SPACEHAB-07         SPACEHAB |CXH-07     |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 7 |EURECA-3L           EURECA-A |SSBUV-08   |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |DCWS       |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 99  | 96  2  8 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-05           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 220| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 100 | 96  2 29 |28.5| 5 |HST REV-02          PALL+FSS |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | TBD| 5 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 101 | 96  3 28 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-06           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 102 | 96  5  9 |28.5| 7 |USML-03             LM+EDO   |           |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140|16*|                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 103 | 96  5 30 |28.5| 7 |ISF-03              FM+DS    |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 104 | 96  6 20 |28.5| 7 |SSF/MB-07(MTC)      UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |DISCOVERY | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 105 | 96  7 18 |28.5| 5 |EURECA-3R           EURECA-A |CXH-08     |                                  |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |USMP-05             MSL+MPESS|FR-02      |                                  |
|     |          |    |   |PL OPPTY                     |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 106 | 96  8 15 |57.0| 7 |ATLAS-06            IG+1 PALL|SSBUV-09   |                                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 9 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
* DEPENDENT ON PRIOR LONG DURATION FLIGHT EXPERIENCE










                                 **** SHUTTLE PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                              JANUARY 1990
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |         CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+
| 107 | 96  9 19 |28.5| 7 |SSF/OF-01           UNIQUE   |           |                                  |
|     |ENDEAVOUR | 190| 7 |                             |           |                                  |
+-----+----------+----+---+-----------------------------+-----------+-----------------------------------+

























                                      SECTION 3


                            ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS












                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 04    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |90.0 |   LEO | WSMC   | MACSAT(NAVY)      |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 05    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 50E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-D            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 05    | MEDIUM        | DELTA                 |57.0 |   LEO | ESMC   | ROSAT             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 06    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |18.0 |   GTO | ESMC   | CRRES             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   90 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |108  |   LEO | WSMC   | SALT(NAVY)        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 01    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | PROFILE(NAVY)     |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 05    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 34E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-I            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 06    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-I            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   91 08    | MEDIUM        | DELTA                 |28.5 |   LEO | ESMC   | EUVE              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 02    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-J            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   TBD | WSMC   | SAMPEX            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 07    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |28.7 |    HE | ESMC   | GEOTAIL           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 09    | MEDIUM        | ATLAS 11E             |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-J            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 09    | INTERMEDIATE  | TITAN III             |28.5 |    EO | ESMC   | MARS OBSERVER     |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   92 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |28.7 |    HE | ESMC   | WIND              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|




                                            3.1






                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |90.0 |    HE | WSMC   | POLAR             |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   LEO | WSMC   | TOMS              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   LEO | WSMC   | SWAS              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 10    | INTERMEDIATE  | TBD                   |28.7 |   GSO | ESMC   | MSAT              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 12    | SMALL         | SCOUT                 |TBD  |   LEO |  TBD   | FAST              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   93 12    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-K            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |98.6 |   LEO | WSMC   | RADARSAT          |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 09    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-04           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   94 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-01        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 03    | INTERMEDIATE  | TBD                   |28.5 |    HE | ESMC   | SOHO              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 04    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-L            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-05           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-02        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 07    | INTERMEDIATE  | ATLAS I               |28.5 |   GSO | ESMC   | GOES-K            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 08    | LARGE         | TITAN IV /CENTAUR     |TBD  |  PLAN | ESMC   | CRAF              |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|


                               3.2








                                     **** ELV PAYLOAD FLIGHT ASSIGNMENTS ****
                                                   JANUARY 1990
_------------_---------------_-----------------------------_-------_--------_-------------------_
|    DATE    |  CLASS        | L A U N C H   V E H I C L E |PAYLOAD| LAUNCH |     PAYLOAD       |
|  YR  MO    |               |         TYPE           INCL | ORBIT |  SITE  |                   |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------_-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 12    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-06           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   95 12    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-03        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 04    | LARGE         | TITAN IV /CENTAUR     |TBD  |  PLAN | ESMC   | CASSINI           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 06    | SMALL         | TBD                   |TBD  |   TBD |  TBD   | SMEX-07           |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 06    | MEDIUM        | DELTA II              |TBD  |   TBD | ESMC   | LIFESAT-04        |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|
|   96 07    | MEDIUM        | TITAN II              |98.7 |    SS | WSMC   | NOAA-M            |
|------------|---------------|-----------------------|-----|-------|--------|-------------------|




















                                                3.3





















                                      SECTION 4


                                   PREVIOUS FLIGHTS




















                                         3.4







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 1   | 81  4 12 |40.3| 2 |DFI                 DFI PLT  |OEX        | C:JOHN W. YOUNG                   |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 172| 2 |                             |           | P:ROBERT L. CRIPPEN               |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 2   | 81 11 12 |38.0| 2 |OSTA-1              PALLET   |OEX        | C:JOE H. ENGLE                    |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 140| 2 |DFI                 DFI PLT  |IECM       | P:RICHARD H. TRULY                |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 3   | 82  3 22 |38.0| 2 |OSS-1               PALLET   |IECM       | C:JACK R. LOUSMA                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 130| 8 |DFI                 DFI PLT  |OEX        | P:C. GORDON FULLERTON             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(1)    |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS TEST   |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MLR        |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |EEVT       |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 4   | 82  6 27 |28.5| 2 |DOD 82-1                     |OEX        | C:THOMAS K. MATTINGLY             |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 162| 7 |DFI                 DFI PLT  |IECM       | P:HENRY W. HARTSFIELD             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MLR        |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CFES       |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |NOSL       |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(2)    |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(1)     |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 5   | 82 11 11 |28.5| 4 |SBS-C               PAM-D    |GLOW       | C:VANCE D. BRAND                  |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 160| 5 |TELESAT-E           PAM-D    |SSIP(3)    | P:ROBERT F. OVERMYER              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(1)     | MS:JOSEPH P. ALLEN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM B. LENOIR              |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|








                                         4.1







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 6   | 83  4  4 |28.5| 4 |TDRS-A              IUS      |CFES       | C:PAUL J. WEITZ                   |
|     |CHALLENGER| 150| 5 |                             |MLR,NOSL   | P:KAROL J. BOBKO                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(3)     | MS:DONALD H. PETERSON             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:F. STORY MUSGRAVE              |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 7   | 83  6 18 |28.5| 5 |SPAS-01                      |CFES       | C:ROBERT L. CRIPPEN               |
|     |CHALLENGER| 160| 6 |OSTA-2              MPESS    |MLR        | P:FREDERICK H. HAUCK              |
|     |          |    |   |TELESAT-F           PAM-D    |GAS(7)     | MS:JOHN M. FABIAN                 |
|     |          |    |   |PALAPA-B1           PAM-D    |           | MS:SALLY K. RIDE                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:NORMAN E. THAGARD              |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 8   | 83  8 30 |28.5| 5 |PDRS/PFTA                    |CFES       | C:RICHARD H. TRULY                |
|     |CHALLENGER| 160| 6 |OIM                          |RME        | P:DANIEL C. BRANDENSTEIN          |
|     |          |    |   |INSAT 1-B           PAM-D    |GAS(4)     | MS:DALE A. GARDNER                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(1)    | MS:GUION S. BLUFORD, JR.          |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM E. THORNTON            |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 9   | 83 11 28 |57.0| 6 |SPACELAB 1          LM+1P    |           | C:JOHN W. YOUNG                   |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 135|10 |                             |           | P:BREWSTER H. SHAW, JR.           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:OWEN K. GARRIOTT               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT A. R. PARKER            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ULF MERBOLD                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:BYRON K. LICHTENBERG           |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|










                                          4.2







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 10  | 84  2  3 |28.5| 5 |SPAS-01A                     |ACES,IEF   | C:VANCE D. BRAND                  |
| 41-B|CHALLENGER| 165| 8 |PALAPA B-2          PAM-D    |C-360b     | P:ROBERT L. GIBSON                |
|     |          |    |   |WESTAR-6            PAM-D    |C-360c     | MS:BRUCE MCCANDLESS II            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |RME,MLR    | MS:ROBERT L. STEWART              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(5)     | MS:RONALD E. MCNAIR               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(1)    |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IRT        |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 11  | 84  4  6 |28.5| 5 |LDEF-1                       |RME,IMAX   | C:ROBERT L. CRIPPEN               |
| 41-C|CHALLENGER| 250| 7 |SMM REPAIR          FSS      |C-360b     | P:FRANCIS R. SCOBEE               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(1)    | MS:GEORGE D. NELSON               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:TERRY J. HART                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES D. VAN HOFTEN            |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 12  | 84  8 30 |28.5| 6 |OAST-1              MPESS    |CFES       | C:HENRY W. HARTSFIELD             |
| 41-D|DISCOVERY | 160| 6 |SBS-D               PAM-D    |IMAX       | P:MICHAEL L. COATS                |
|     |          |    |   |TELSTAR 3-C         PAM-D    |RME        | MS:RICHARD M. MULLANE             |
|     |          |    |   |SYNCOM IV-2                  |SSIP(1)    | MS:STEVEN A. HAWLEY               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CLOUDS     | MS:JUDITH A. RESNIK               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:CHARLES WALKER                 |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 13  | 84 10  5 |57.0| 7 |OSTA-3              PALLET   |IMAX       | C:ROBERT L. CRIPPEN               |
| 41-G|CHALLENGER| 190| 8 |ERBS                         |RME        | P:JON A. MCBRIDE                  |
|     |          |    |   |LFC/ORS             MPESS    |GAS(8)     | MS:KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |TLD        | MS:SALLY K. RIDE                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |APE        | MS:DAVID C. LEESTMA               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CANEX      | PS:MARC GARNEAU                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:PAUL D. SCULLY-POWER           |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|





                                          4.3







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 14  | 84 11  8 |28.5| 5 |HS-376 RETV(2)      2 PALLET |DMOS       | C:FREDERICK H. HAUCK              |
| 51-A|DISCOVERY | 160| 8 |TELESAT-H           PAM-D    |RME        | P:DAVID M. WALKER                 |
|     |          |    |   |SYNCOM IV-1                  |           | MS:ANNA L. FISHER                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DALE A. GARDNER                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JOSEPH P. ALLEN                |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 15  | 85  1 24 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:THOMAS K. MATTINGLY             |
| 51-C|DISCOVERY | X  | 3 |                             |           | P:LOREN J. SHRIVER                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES F. BUCHLI                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ELLISON S. ONIZUKA             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:GARY E. PAYTON                 |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 16  | 85  4 12 |28.5| 7 |TELESAT-I           PAM-D    |CFES       | C:KAROL J. BOBKO                  |
| 51-D|DISCOVERY | 250| 7 |SYNCOM IV-3                  |AFE        | P:DONALD E. WILLIAMS              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PPE/SAS    | MS:M. RHEA SEDDON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(2)    | MS:JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(2)     | MS:S. DAVID GRIGGS                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:CHARLES WALKER                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:E. JAKE GARN                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 17  | 85  4 29 |57.0| 7 |SPACELAB 3          LM+MPESS |GAS(2)     | C:ROBERT F. OVERMYER              |
| 51-B|CHALLENGER| 190| 7 |                             |           | P:FREDERICK D. GREGORY            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DON L. LIND                    |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:NORMAN E. THAGARD              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM E. THORNTON            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:LODWIJK VAN DEN BERG           |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:TAYLOR G. WANG                 |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|






                                         4.4







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 18  | 85  6 17 |28.5| 7 |SPTN-1              MPESS    |FEE        | C:DANIEL C. BRANDENSTEIN          |
| 51-G|DISCOVERY | 190| 7 |MORELOS-A           PAM-D    |FPE        | P:JOHN O. CREIGHTON               |
|     |          |    |   |ARABSAT-1B          PAM-D    |ADSF       | MS:SHANNON W. LUCID               |
|     |          |    |   |TELSTAR 3-D         PAM-D    |HPTE       | MS:STEVEN R. NAGEL                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(6)     | MS:JOHN M. FABIAN                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:SULTAN S. AL-SAUD              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:PATRICK BAUDRY                 |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 19  | 85  7 29 |50.0| 7 |SPACELAB 2          IG+3P    |SAREX      | C:C. GORDON FULLERTON             |
| 51-F|CHALLENGER| 174| 8 |                             |STTP       | P:ROY D. BRIDGES                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CBDE       | MS:F. STORY MUSGRAVE              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ANTHONY W. ENGLAND             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:KARL G. HENIZE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:LOREN W. ACTON                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:JOHN-DAVID F. BARTOE           |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 20  | 85  8 27 |28.5| 5 |AUSSAT-1            PAM-D    |PVTOS      | C:JOE H. ENGLE                    |
| 51-I|DISCOVERY | 190| 7 |ASC-1               PAM-D    |           | P:RICHARD O. COVEY                |
|     |          |    |   |SYNCOM IV-4                  |           | MS:JAMES D. VAN HOFTEN            |
|     |          |    |   |SYNCOM-SALVAGE               |           | MS:JOHN M. LOUNGE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM F. FISHER              |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 21  | 85 10  3 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:KAROL J. BOBKO                  |
| 51-J|ATLANTIS  | X  | 4 |                             |           | P:RONALD J. GRABE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:ROBERT L. STEWART              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DAVID C. HILMERS               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:WILLIAM A. PAILES              |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|






                                       4.5







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Edwin L Turner)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Japanese Space Program (was Re: NASA Headline News ...)
Date: 31 Jan 90 15:36:09 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Edwin L Turner)
Organization: Princeton University, NJ

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Paul Dietz) writes:
>The Japanese space program is pitiful compared to the other space
>powers.  I don't see them having the ability to send anyone to the
>moon by 2010.  They may be able to send people to LEO by then.

I would not have any great confidence in such projections of Japanese
efforts/abilities in space in view of their recent history with
respect to high tech endeavors.  Their pattern has been to 'investigate'
various possible areas with very modest, almost invisible efforts, and
then to quite suddenly undertake very ambitious, lavishly funded, and
carefully planned programs designed to give them world class status, if
not outright leadership.  Needless to say, this approach has often (but
not always) been quite successful for them.

Of course, not every area they 'investigate' ends up getting this
treatment, and I would not claim that space will, just that it might.

Ed Turner            "Itsu nukera
phoenix!elturner         soko tomo shirazu
                 oke no tsuki."
or
[e-mail]            - Mabutsu 1874
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Don Anderson)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Job Announcement
Date: 31 Jan 90 21:25:25 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet


    Scientific programmer(s)/postdoc(s) wanted for NASA space
flight projects.  Must have knowledge of VMS and Unix at the
programming and system administration level, and be fluent in FORTRAN
and C languages.  Background in the sciences (geology, geophysics,
astrophysics) and experience in image processing/remote sensing
techniques are desirable.  Knowledge of image processing hardware is a
plus. Salary open.

please send resume to: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Kenneth Ng)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: radiation hazard from retrieving gallieo
Date: 20 Jan 90 22:44:53 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet


:Remember that the entire time, the astronauts will be exposed to the
:radiation from the RTG's -- a fair amount.  In order to stow or
:detatch the RTG booms, they would have to get close to the RTG's
:themselves.

The fuel for the RTG's is Pu238.  Pu238 releases 72% of its energy as
alpha particles, 28% as beta, and 0.09% as gamma.  Alpha you can stop
with a piece of paper, beta with aluminium foil, gamma, well that's
a pain in the butt.  It decays into Np236, significant half life
22 hours.  Beta emmission transforms it to Pu236.  Again alpha
emission, half life 2.7 years, to NP234.  NP234 half life 4.4 days
decays into U234 with a beta emission, I think.  U234 half life 2.48E5
years (I think it'll stay here for a long time :-)), decays alpha
particle to Pa232.  I'm not typing the rest of the chain since it'll
remain U234 for the significant future.  The point of all this?  The
radiation from the RTG's should not be significant to the astronauts
should they try to retrieve Galileo.  I think they'll have a higher
radiation hazard from being outside the Shuttle than from the RTG.

Source: Trilinear Chart of Nuclides, January 1957  (yeah I know its
ancient, but it was also free).
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 21 Jan 90 00:30:35 GMT
Organization: University of Western Australia

>The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher than
>the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably exceeds
>that of the Foxbat.  (We're talking sustained altitude here, not zoom climbs.)

I disagree, a sustained altitude of 24km with a peak of 30km are the
Blackbird's excellent figures, i see no reason why it should not have exceeded
it's record figures during test & record flights as that is their point. The
Foxbat has a peak of 36km thus it's sustained altitude is appropriatly higher.
Being developed in response to the RS-70 project, which was the father of the
Blackbird.

>If one allows craft that drop pieces on the way up (in the way that the
>X-15s dropped a B-52 :-) and the X-15A-2 dropped external tanks), then
>the X-15A-2 is nowhere near the record holder for either speed or altitude.
>The Apollo spacecraft holds the record, with Gemini second and the shuttle
>orbiter third.  (Before you complain that Apollo and Gemini were not
>aircraft, they were in fact lifting bodies at hypersonic speed, and used
>their lift to fly fairly complicated reentry trajectories.)  International
>rules for aircraft records forbid dropping anything except human waste.

Oh please, lets not draw thin lines around definitions of Space & Aircraft!
Even though the X-15 is fixed wing and rocket powered it is nevertheless an
aircraft flying through AIR (thin at that height but still air >-}, whereas the
Shuttle et al are spacecraft which travel through SPACE, sure they travel
through air to get get their & back again, but this does not make them
aircraft! Or does a planes taking off constitute it as an automobile?

Please don't take my coment so seriously, it was a small notice that the Foxbat
has a greater service ceiling than the Blackbird.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Dave Horsfall)
Newsgroups: sci.space,aus.radio
Subject: Anniversary of Australis OSCAR-5
Date: 22 Jan 90 04:06:07 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Dave Horsfall)
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: Alcatel STC Australia, North Sydney, AUSTRALIA
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16948

[ Perhaps someone can cross-post this to rec.ham-radio ]

Tuesday 23rd January 1990 is the 20th anniversary of the launching of
Australis OSCAR-5, an Amateur radio satellite designed and built by a
team at Melbourne University, Australia, from 1965 to 1967.  After some
setbacks, it was launched on January 23rd 1970, on a NASA rocket.  This
was the first OSCAR to be launched by NASA; previous models were
launched by the US Air Force.

The satellite itself was unusual in that it carried no transponder, nor
solar cells.  The objectives were: 1) evaluate the suitability of the 10m
band for a downlink on future transponders; 2) test a passive magnetic
attitude stabilisation scheme; and 3) demonstrate the feasibility of
controlling an amateur spacecraft via uplink commands.  It is worth
noting that as with previous models, the antenna elements were steel
carpenter's rule.

The craft carried telemetry beacons on 144.050 MHz (50mW) and 29.450 MHz
(250mW at launch), a command receiver and decoder, a seven-channel
analog telemetry system, and a simple manganese alkaline battery power
system (no solar cells).

Although the technical aspects went smoothly, administrative concerns
were a nightmare.  A part costing 50 cents air-posted to Australia from
USA would cost $10, and pages of paperwork to get it through customs.
As a result of delayed launches, AMSAT (Radio Amateur Satellite
Corporation) was formed as an East-coast version of Project OSCAR, and
its first task was to arrange for the launch of OSCAR-5.

The satellite performed almost flawlessly after the launch, with one
small glitch preventing telemetry data from being sent over the 29 MHz
beacon.  However, the same data was present on the 2m beacon.  The
magnetic stabiliser worked perfectly, decreasing the spin rate by a
factor of 40 - from 4 rpm to 0.1 rpm - over the first two weeks.  A
network of ground stations periodically transmitted commands to the
satellite, turning the 29 MHz beacon on and off.  Allowing the beacon to
operate only on weekends helped to conserve limited battery power.  The
first successful command of an amateur satellite took place on orbit 61,
on January 28, 1970, when the 29 MHz beacon was turned off.  The
demonstration of command capabilities was to prove very important in
obtaining FCC licences for future missions.

Performance measurements of the 29 MHz beacon confirmed hopes that this
band would prove suitable for transponder downlinks on future low-
altitude spacecraft, and led to its use on OSCAR 6, 7 and 8 etc.  As the
battery became depleted, the transmitters shut down, with the 2m beacon
turning off 23 days into the mission, and the 10m beacon (operating at
reduced power) was usable until day 46.

Sources: The Satellite Experimenter's Handbook (ARRL 1984).
         VK2WI Broadcast, Sunday 21st January, 1990.

--
Dave Horsfall (VK2KFU),  Alcatel STC Australia,  [e-mail]
[e-mail],  ...munnari!stcns3.stc.oz.AU!dave
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Andrew J Hasara)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Salyut 7
Date: 22 Jan 90 22:17:40 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]



     It appears that Mir will soon be alone in the skys.  According to the
latest issue of "Spaceflight", the Soviet Space station Salyut 7 is out of
correction fuel, and is spinning with one end (according to an included diagram
it is the "back" end where the Progress tankers dock) pointing down.
     The station will reenter on it's own within 3-4years, but the Soviets are
expecting to use a Progress or Soyuz to deorbit the station into the ocean,
lest it come down on some poor Aussie's head :-).
     I guess that buggers my vacation plans, after all, I couldn't get up for
at least 2 years, and by that time, they'll have tried to land it in Lake
Michigan for me :-) (-:

BTW, could someone send me the address for Space Systems Ind. in Texas.  You
know, the ones who sell space stuff to the US.  No, seriously, I mean it!

A. Hasara
aka.  [e-mail]
President, Andy's Space Salvage and Privateering
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (John Roberts)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Ozone layer (booster pollution)
Date: 23 Jan 90 18:15:20 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology
    formerly National Bureau of Standards


>Date: Fri, 19 Jan 90 09:28:06 PST
>From: [e-mail]
>Subject: Re: booster pollution

>According to somebody (one of the main figures in this line of
>research, whose name nevertheless escapes me) who gave a talk here some
>months ago on the subject, high altitude ice clouds play a major role
>in the formation of the ozone hole.  Briefly, CFC's destroy ozone in a
>catalytic manner, so it doesn't take much of the stuff to do a lot of
>damage.  Ice crystals act as an adsorptive surface for the CFC's which
>somehow makes them even more active in destroying ozone.  The Antarctic
>ozone hole closes up during southern hemisphere summer when the high
>altitude ice clouds are not present.

The CFCs themselves are not considered much of a threat to the ozone. The
problem arises when the CFCs are eventually broken down (gradually, over
the course of decades) to release chlorine atoms. The chlorine atoms act as
a catalyst to break down the ozone. Since ozone is continually being
produced, a higher concentration of chlorine tends to reduce the equilibrium
concentration of ozone at the level in which the chlorine is active. Chlorine
is continually "washed out" of the upper atmosphere and returned to the
troposphere, so it may be said that a given chlorine atom is "expected" to
break down a certain number of ozone molecules during its stay (I think
about 50000). I believe the result of these factors is that if a harmful level
of ozone depletion were detected (which has not yet happened) and production
of CFCs and other ozone-catalyst products immediately halted, the problem
would persist for 50-100 years, but to a gradually decreasing extent.

Much of the world's supply of upper-atmosphere ozone is produced in the tropics,
where the sunlight is most intense, from which it spreads out over the rest
of the planet. The Antarctic hole is thought to be a result of wind patterns
that block the influx of fresh ozone at certain times of the year, leaving
the remainder to gradually break down. This breakdown *may* be accelerated
by the chlorine and other catalysts already present, as well as the extremely
low temperatures over the south polar region. I haven't heard what influence
ice crystals may have on this process.
                          John Roberts
                          [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Firing 'old' shuttle rocket motors has benefits for future (Forwarded)
Date: 24 Jan 90 18:27:24 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

[Can't remember if Ron posted this one while I was away.  So here it is again.
-PEY]

Mark Hess
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.                  January 17, 1990

Jerry Berg
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.

RELEASE:  90-6

FIRING 'OLD' SHUTTLE ROCKET MOTORS HAS BENEFITS FOR FUTURE

     Key design changes in the Space Shuttle's solid rocket
motors, made following the Challenger accident in 1986, have
long since been completed and certified flightworthy by
extensive testing.  The redesigned rockets have successfully
boosted the Shuttle into orbit eight times since September 1988.

     So why is NASA conducting ground firings of Shuttle solid
rocket motors of the pre-Challenger design?  Because static
firings in the Technical Evaluation Motor series are yielding a
variety of benefits for the agency's solid rocket motor program,
managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.

     The primary reason for conducting the firings is to reclaim
millions of dollars worth of solid rocket motor casings and
associated hardware for future reuse.  The casings are specially
forged, 12-foot-in-diameter cylindrical metal segments in which
propellant is poured and cast, creating the four massive
elements from which each 126-foot-long motor is assembled.

     Casings are refurbished and reused as many as 20 times.  In
normal operations, the expended motors are recovered from the
ocean following the Shuttle's ascent, then disassembled and
inspected, after which the casings and other components are
recycled.

     At the time of the Challenger accident, 11 solid rocket
motors had been produced but not used.  With minor rework, the
reusable components of these motors are interchangeable with
those on the current-design motor.  But, since there is no
practical, safe way to scrape or wash the highly flammable
propellant out of the segments, the motors have to be fired
to reclaim the hardware.

     "The Shuttle program has accelerated to a launch rate near
that which was under way at the time of the Challenger accident,"
said Royce Mitchell, manager of the Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor
Project at the Marshall Center.  "The use of these reclaimed
motor segments is vital to supporting our flight manifest and
represents several million dollars in cost savings to the Shuttle
program," Mitchell added.

     Three of the Technical Evaluation Motor firings -- those
scheduled for the fall of 1990 through the spring of 1991 --
will serve another purpose equally vital to maintaining the
Shuttle's future flight schedule.  NASA is currently in the
process of qualifying a new supplier for a type of rayon yarn
used in nozzle components of the solid rocket motor.  The
quality and characteristics of the rayon can be only partially
assessed with laboratory tests.  To fully certify that the
material meets specifications for flight, it must be used to
fabricate actual nozzle components, which then must be subjected
to full-duration motor firings.  The technical evaluation motors
provide a low-cost opportunity to do this, since the
pre-Challenger motors contain the same 1.1 million pounds of
propellant as in the current design, producing the same
environments and demands on the nozzle as a current flight
motor.

     As an added benefit, the firings provide an opportunity for
engineers to obtain new data that will expand their knowledge
about motor performance in general.

     "For instance, the effects of aging and storage are
important to understand.  The last of these motors will be
several years old when fired, so the data will be very valuable
for technical assessment," Mitchell explained.

     The test series is being conducted by Thiokol Corp., NASA's
prime contractor for the solid rocket motor program, at the
company's northern Utah test facility.  The firings began in
November 1988, with four motors fired thus far.  Tests are
scheduled to continue through late 1991.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (M.P. Kirby)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Space Station Freedom to run UNIX
Date: 24 Jan 90 20:50:35 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (M.P. Kirby)
Organization: Information Systems and Computing @ RIT, Rochester, New York

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Daniel Pezely) writes:
>CAMPBELL, Calif. --- In what may be the first use of a Unix-based,
>real-time operating system by the U.S. government, NASA has selected
>LynxOS from Lynx Real-Time Systems for use on the space station
>Freedom.

>Freedom's on-board computer systems running LynxOS will be used to
>regulate the space station's flight control operations, life support
>systems, communications, and tracking as well as experimental and
>operational applications.

Life support?  flight control???  I take it that this version of unix
is more stable then the version that we have running here.  Does the
software need to be man rated?

later,
mike
[e-mail]
[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jonathan Leech)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 24 Jan 90 16:46:53 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jonathan Leech)
Organization: University Of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Summary:
Expires:
Sender:
Followup-To:
Distribution:
Keywords:

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (David Smith) writes:
>The Foxbat is redlined at Mach 2.8.  The SR-71 can cruise around
>over the Foxbat's head.  I believe it's safe to conclude that a
>Blackbird zoom climb could easily break the Foxbat's zoom climb record
>of ~130,000 ft. if the necessary authorities authorized an official attempt.

    The exact opposite was claimed in an article in the 1/22 Aviation
Week.  Apparently the SR-71 is difficult to control at altitude,
making such a climb unlikely.
--
    Jon Leech ([e-mail])    __@/
"We were driving along, minding our own business, when there was a
 sudden flash of blue light which blotted out the stars. I thought it
 was a nuclear bomb going off and despaired for my career." - Keith Hughes
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Galileo Update - 01/26/90
Date: 26 Jan 90 23:44:52 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Distribution: usa
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17049 sci.astro:6548



                                 GALILEO
                          MISSION STATUS REPORT
                             JANUARY 26, 1990

     As of Friday, January 26, 1990, the Galileo Spacecraft is 22,009,750
miles from the Earth, 5,065,800 miles from Venus (.769 AU) and was travelling
at a Heliocentric velocity of 78,960 miles per hour. Round trip light time
is 3 minutes 58 seconds.

     The spacecraft remains in a "safed" condition and has successfully
performed more than 20 automatic sun acquisitions (every 12 hours) since
execution of the spacecraft safing algorithms on January 15.

     The second and last RTG temperature measurement, mounted on the +x RTG,
made an abrupt change on January 22 indicating an open circuit somewhere
between the temperature transducer and the CDS input. Other measurements
routed into this CDS tree-switch were monitored for any anomalous/unexpected
readings; none have been detected.  The loss of these two temperature
measurements does not pose a threat to the RTG or the spacecraft since power
performance parameters (V, I) are measured separately.  It is pointed out
that each RTG measurement is separately dedicated and routed to each half
of the CDS.

     As a continuing part of the spacecraft recovery process, a series of
commands were sent on January 26 to power-off selected engineering and science
heaters and to power on the UVS, HIC, MAG and EUV instruments consistent with
the expected spacecraft state at the end of EV-5.

     The replacement and checkout of the DSS-63 failed elevation bearing has
been completed.  The 70-meter tracking station in Spain completed its repairs
and checkout this week and successfully performed a Galileo telemetry and
tracking pass on Thursday, January 25, 1990.

SPECIAL TOPIC

     The Bus Imbalance Tiger Team continued its effort to develop a feasibility
model which could support a supposition that spin bearing slip ring debris
may be the cause of the observed bus imbalance.  Using debris collected during
slip ring module life tests, preliminary electrical tests in air showed that
it is possible for small currents (hundreds of microamperes) to flow when
debris is configured to form a conductive path between a 30 VDC power supply
and chassis ground. Currents greater than about 300 microamperes were large
enough to "open" the circuit and stop current flow. Further test will be
conducted this week under vacuum conditions to determine whether higher
currents are possible and can they be sustained.  It is pointed out that for
this debris model to be the cause, it is necessary that roughly 30 times more
debris would have to be generated by the flight slip rings in the SBA than
the levels observed during the life test.

     Another model was presented which postulated that a single capacitor
failure in the PPS electronics could cause both the AC and DC anomalous
readings. The basic idea is that stray currents caused by electrical noise
created by the on/off switching in the 2.4 KHz inverter is being sensed by
both bus imbalance detectors. Preliminary computer modeling performed showed
that simulated sensor readings may exhibit the erratic behavior observed in
flight. Further work on this electrical model will continue to better
understand the circuit parameters, their correlation with actual physical
layouts and the failure modes of the capacitor.


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: A sad anniversery
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:59:27 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jack Hart) writes:
>I for one am always amazed that no one realized the
>danger of an oxygen atmosphere in the presense of electrical wiring...

At 3 psi, the in-space pressure, there is nothing very dangerous about it.
The problem was jacking up the pressure to 15 psi for ground tests without
realizing that this changed the rules.

>An aside:Most people refer to Apollo/Saturn 204  as "Apollo 1". The missio
>never received this designation, but the name sticks. There is even a bogus
>Apollo 1 mission patch...

We had a long battle about this a year or two ago, finally settled by a
bunch of references from the NASA History books.  Apollo numbering was
complicated and confused.  AS-204 was the official mission designation,
but it was also known as SA-204, Apollo 1, and Apollo 4.  NASA HQ had
not assigned an official "Apollo N" designation at the time of the fire.
The crew were calling it Apollo 1, however, and the badge they designed,
with that name on it, had been approved.  After the fire, the Apollo 1
designation was made 100%, really, truly official in memory of the dead
crew.  Retroactive though it be, that's its proper name now.

(To head off further questions...  The first post-fire unmanned test was
officially Apollo 4, since there had been three unmanned tests earlier.
Nobody noticed until too late that this clashed with making Apollo 1 an
official name.  The conflict was resolved by officially refusing to give
"Apollo N" names to the three earlier tests.  There never was an Apollo 2
or Apollo 3; the tests were AS-201, -202, and -203.  Apollos 4-6 were
unmanned tests preceding the manned flights that started with 7.)

References on request.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 21 Jan 90 17:53:43 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Organization: University of Sussex

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Henry Spencer) writes:
>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt) writes:
>>Please the Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird is not the fastest/highest flying plane,
>>the MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat can fly approx. 30% higher and the North American
>>X-15A-2 300% higher and 100% faster. Even though take-off is not achieved under
>>it's own power this does not make it any less remarkable.
>
>The Blackbird's altitude capability is pretty definitely much higher than
>the records it has actually set, and almost certainly considerably exceeds
>that of the Foxbat.  (We're talking sustained altitude here, not zoom climbs.)
Two further pieces of evidence are 1) No Foxbat ever shot an SR-71 down
and, 2) more seriously, the letter in the last issue of AW&ST urging that
the SR 71 be allowed to set the speed and altitude records that it is
*really* capable of (before it retires).
 The Blackbirds based in the UK are flying home to the US btw (front page
item in "The Guardian" this week).

Nick

--
Nick Watkins, Space & Plasma Physics Group, School of Mathematical
& Physical Sciences, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, E.Sussex, BN1 9QH, ENGLAND
JANET: [e-mail]   BITNET: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Blackbird vs. Foxbat
Date: 24 Jan 90 18:00:20 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (David Smith) writes:
>I believe it's safe to conclude that a
>Blackbird zoom climb could easily break the Foxbat's zoom climb record
>of ~130,000 ft. if the necessary authorities authorized an official attempt.

The current AvWeek says that the SR-71's comparatively sluggish handling
at lower altitudes render it unlikely to beat the zoom climb record.  I
think the Blackbird forte is sustained altitude and speed.

SR-71 freaks will love this issue, it's loaded with pictures.
--
"We must never forget that if the war in Vietnam    \ $   Tom Neff
is lost... the right of free speech will be          X    [e-mail]
extinguished throughout the world." -- RN 10/27/65  $ \   uunet!bfmny0!tneff
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Question about Nuclear Propulsion projects
Date: 28 Jan 90 00:32:15 GMT
Organization: U of Toronto Zoology

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (SERRE GLENN) writes:
>Does anyone out there know of any organization that is currently working on
>nuclear propulsion?

With the possible exception of the Soviets, nobody, unless you count tiny
paper studies with negligible funding.

>Also, which organizations did work on nuclear rockets (NERVA, etc.)
> in the '60s?

That was a NASA-AEC joint effort.
--
1972: Saturn V #15 flight-ready|     Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
1990: birds nesting in engines | uunet!attcan!utzoo!henry [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: A sad anniversery
Date: 30 Jan 90 18:41:46 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Nick Watkins)
Organization: University of Sussex

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Jack Hart) writes:
>

>foulups caused by poor planning and weak design. There are those who say
>North American had no business building spacecraft, including Frank Borman
>in his book  Countdown. Grissom apparently bitched repeatedly about all
For an interesting account of the politics behind the North American
contract award, see "Journey to Tranquillity", by Hugo Young, Brian
Silcock and Peter Dunn (1970). They were Sunday Times journalists, and
while not the best source on technical details (pace the Apollo 6 bugs)
their analysis of the political realities of space is very convincing,
imho.

Nick
--
Nick Watkins, Space & Plasma Physics Group, School of Mathematical
& Physical Sciences, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, E.Sussex, BN1 9QH, ENGLAND
JANET: [e-mail]   BITNET: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Eugene Miya)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Information sources for frequent space questions (1 of n)
Date: 1 Feb 90 12:00:58 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Eugene Miya)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

Many space activies center around large Government or International
Bureaucracies.  In this country that means NASA.  If you have basic
information requests: (e.g., general PR info, research grants, data,
limited tours, and ESPECIALLY SUMMER EMPLOYMENT (typically resumes
should be ready by Jan. 1), etc.), consider contacting the nearest
NASA Center to answer your questions.

EMail typically will not get you any where, computers are used by
investigators, not PR people.  The typical volume of mail per Center is
a multiple of 10,000 letters a day.  Seek the Public Information Office
at one of the below, this is their job:

NASA Headquarters (NASA HQ)
Washington DC 20546

NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)
Moffett Field, CA 94035
[Mountain View, CA, near San Francisco Bay, you know Silicon Valley 8-) ]

Ames Research Center
Dryden Flight Research Facility [DFRF]
P. O. Box 273
Edwards, CA  93523

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Greenbelt, MD 20771
[Outside of Washington DC]

NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC)
21000 Brookpark Rd.
Cleveland, OH 44135

NASA Johnson Manned Space Center (JSC)
Houston, TX 77058

NASA Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC)
Titusville, FL 32899

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSC)
Huntsville, AL35812

NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC)
Hampton, VA 23665
[Near Newport News, VA]

Not a NASA Center, but close enough:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory [JPL/CIT]
California Institute of Technology
4800 Oak Grove Dr.
Pasadena, CA 91109

There are other small facilities, but the above major Centers are set up
to handle public information requests.  They can send you tons of information.

Specific requests for software must go thru COSMIC at the Univ. of Georgia,
NASA's contracted software redistribution service.  You can reach them
at [e-mail].  If this gives you problems, tell me.

NOTE:  Foreign nationals requesting information must go through their
Embassies in Washington DC.  These are facilities of the US Government
and are regarded with some degree of economic sensitivity.
Centers cannot directly return information without high Center approval.
Allow at least 1 month for clearance.  This includes COSMIC.

EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY        (O) 202/488-4158
955 L'Enfant Plaza S.W., Washington, D.C.  20024

 Arianespace Headquarters
 Boulevard de l'Europe
 B.P. 177
 91006 Evry Cedex
 France

ARIANESPACE, INC. (O) 202/728-9075
1747 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 875, Washington, DC  20006

SPOT IMAGE CORPORATION           (FAX) 703/648-1813    (O) 703/620-2200
1857 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 22091

National Space Development Agency (NASDA), 4-1 Hamamatsu-Cho, 2 Chome
          Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, Japan

SOYUZKARTA
45 Vologradsij Pr., Moscow 109125, USSR

SPACE COMMERCE CORPORATION (U.S. agent for Soviet launch services)
504 Pluto Drive, Colorado Springs, CO  80906   (O) 719/578-5490
69th flr, Texas Commerce Tower, Houston, TX 77002  (O) 713/227-9000
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (K. Krallis)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 aka "Blackbird"
Date: 18 Jan 90 10:52:42 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Costas Krallis G7AHN)
Organization: Imperial College Computer Centre, London, UK

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Donald Simmons) writes:
>
>    Hate to say this, but I am not sure what the SR-71 project was all about. I
>know that it was some sort of experimental aircraft, but there my knowledge en
>Can someone send me a run-down on the project and its history?
>

  Briefly, SR-71 is a high altitude high speed strategic reconnaissance
aircraft.

Costas Krallis
Imperial College
London UK

[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Forrest Gehrke,2C-119,7239,ATTBL)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 22 Jan 90 18:12:31 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Forrest Gehrke)
Distribution: na
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] writes:
>
>According to somebody (one of the main figures in this line of
>research, whose name nevertheless escapes me) who gave a talk here some
>months ago on the subject, high altitude ice clouds play a major role
>in the formation of the ozone hole.  Briefly, CFC's destroy ozone in a
>catalytic manner, so it doesn't take much of the stuff to do a lot of
>damage.  Ice crystals act as an adsorptive surface for the CFC's which
>somehow makes them even more active in destroying ozone.  The Antarctic
>ozone hole closes up during southern hemisphere summer when the high
>altitude ice clouds are not present.






On a somewhat different tack---possibly asked before---if CFC's
are responsible for the Anarctic ozone hole, since most CFC must
be released in the Northern Hemisphere, why isn't there a
hole (and  even larger) over the North polar region in winter?


Forrest Gehrke [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Kendall Auel)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle
Subject: Re: Shuttle fuel reserves
Keywords: shuttle
Date: 18 Jan 90 23:43:21 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Kendall Auel)
Distribution: na
Organization: /etc/organization
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16963 sci.space.shuttle:4624

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Christopher Neufeld) writes:
>
>   I was quite surprised to read on clari.tw.space that one of the
>shuttle's forward thrusters fired accidentally last night. You'd think this
>sort of thing would require pushing a few buttons, not just a passing whim
>in an on-board computer (if that's what it was).

This is probably old news, but they mentioned on NASA Select last night
that the thrusters continued firing while the shuttle was LOS.  At first
they thought it rotated no more than 100 degrees but now admit that it
went through several complete rotations in pitch and yaw.  This was all
in response to invalid data uploaded to the shuttle computers.  The shuttle
thought it had gotten out of the proper orientation and was trying to
correct by tracking a ground point.  The astronauts slept through the
firings, and had to be awakened upon acquisition of signal to realign
the shuttle.

--
Kendall Auel            |    Mentor Graphics Corporation
...!mntgfx!kauel        |    I.C. Layout Division
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jan Dj{rv)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Launch dates wanted
Date: 20 Jan 90 14:12:11 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jan Dj{rv)
Organization: Dept. of Computer Systems, Uppsala University, Sweden

Hi,

I'm going to Florida in April/May and wonder if there are any launches
scheduled during that time.

Please e-mail any responses as I don't regulary read this newsgroup.

    Jan D        E-Mail:    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.space.shuttle
Subject: New Shuttle Launch Dates
Date: 23 Jan 90 22:06:55 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16972 sci.space.shuttle:4628


NEW LAUNCH DATES BASED ON THE JANUARY 19, 1990 LANUCH SCHEDULE:

STS-36    (DOD)     FEB 22
STS-31    (HST)     APR 19
STS-35    (ASTRO)   MAY 10
STS-38    (DOD)     AUG 7
STS-40    (SLS-1)   AUG 30


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Wasps Sting Hubble Telescope
Date: 24 Jan 90 02:00:35 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16977 sci.astro:6514



 Article from "Space News", January 15-21, 1990

 Hubble Trouble Leaves a Sting

 The clean room at Kennedy Space Flight Center in Florida is designed to
 keep even minute dust particles out. But the best high technology
 protections were apparently not enough to keep out nine wasps from
 setting up house in the air-tight special chamber where NASA is
 preparing the Hubble Space Telescope for a schedule April launch.

 The invasion of the insects posed a tricky problem for worker who did
 not want to risk damage to the telescope's highly polished mirrors in
 trying to kill the unwanted guests. James Carlock, Lockheed's program
 manager for the Hubble project, said wasp spray was out of the question
 because of the risk that the propellant might penetrate the telescope's
 protective covering. Eventually, five wasps were caught, while the others
 were found dead in the room.

 Recurrences of the problem were prevented just before Christmas when
 NASA personnel patched a hole in a conduit on the roof that apparently
 served as point of entry for the wasps.

 The problem is not a new one at this tropical south-Florida site.
 Kennedy spokesman George Diller said the Galileo mission was plagued
 by mosquitoes and the Magellan project by ants.

 At one point, frustated NASA officials employed the services of an
 entomologist who was asked to calculate the life span of a wasp
 unable to find food. The answer was 48 to 72 hours.


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Bowery)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: A Letter to NASA-Apologist Press
Date: 18 Jan 90 19:30:26 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet

When you see a member of the press being a NASA apologist in the
mass media, send the responsible press establishment the following
letter (appropriately modified):
____________________________________________________________________


Dear <name of press establishment>,

Your glowing report on the recent shuttle mission was an unfortunate
and all-too-typical failure of journalistic responsibility.  NASA
is primarily a political entity.  It depends on public complacency
created by an uncritical press in order to continue the monumental
waste, abysmal performance and suppression of more viable space
activities in the private sector, that have characterized the agency
since Apollo, 2 decades ago.

Despite receiving, by far, the largest amount of money for research
and development of any civilian agency, NASA spends the least on
science.  Its only true excellence is in political activism combined
with suppression of private space enterprise to maintain its monopoly
on space operations and patentable technology.  If we had allowed
Langley, with government support, to keep the Wright Brothers from
being successful, we would probably be flying a few, very expensive
airplanes in a "National Air Transportation System".  The Soviet
Union's state-run airline would look efficient by contrast, just as
their space program does today.

Where are your reports of those few space-age Wright Brothers, along
with the usual assortment of kooks, putting their fortunes on the line
to open up space for us?  Such courageous people do exist.  They
deserve your exposure and glowing praise far more than a monopolistic
government bureauracy wasting many billions of our dollars annually.
Go out and find them!  A few for starts:  AMROC, E'Prime, & SSI.

I appreciate the <fill in name of establishment> because of its
first ammendment support of basic American values.  Preeminent among
those values are a critical press and free enterprise.  If you can't
be critical of NASA's bureaucratic tyranny, at least ignore it and
reserve your praise and air-time for those few who really do deserve it.

Please do your job, folks.  We need your help more than NASA's if we
are to truly pioneer the space frontier.

Sincerely,



<Your name>
_________________________________________________________________________

---
Typical RESEARCH grant:
$
Typical DEVELOPMENT contract:
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Question about Nuclear Propulsion projects
Date: 27 Jan 90 22:00:37 GMT
Distribution: usa
Organization: Penn State University

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (SERRE
GLENN) says:
>
>Does anyone out there know of any organization that is currently working on
>nuclear propulsion?
>
>Also, which organizations did work on nuclear rockets (NERVA, etc.)
> in the '60s?
I know that Edward Taylor worked on the ORION project in the '60s, possibly
in the employ of Los Alamos Laboratory. Check out "The Curve of Binding
Energy" for a great book about building your own nukes, and an incidental
biography for Taylor. Some stuff pretains to his work on ORION.

***********************************************************************
Mike Williams
[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Question about Nuclear Propulsion p
Date: 28 Jan 90 10:42:38 GMT
Nf-ID: #R:boulder.Colorado.EDU:16224:uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:110700014:000:454
Nf-From: uxa.cso.uiuc.edu!rtn20538    Jan 27 22:40:00 1990


/* Written  9:58 am  Jan 26, 1990 by [e-mail] in uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:sci.space */
/* ---------- "Question about Nuclear Propulsion p" ---------- */
Does anyone out there know of any organization that is currently working on
nuclear propulsion?

Also, which organizations did work on nuclear rockets (NERVA, etc.)
 in the '60s?

Thanks in advance.

--Glenn Serre
[e-mail]
/* End of text from uxa.cso.uiuc.edu:sci.space */
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 29 Jan 90 08:36:47 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (USENET Administrator;;;;ZU44)
Reply-To: [e-mail] (George William Herbert)
Organization: ucb

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Paul L Schauble) writes:
>
>As it it's speed capability. Now that they are going out of service, I wish

It can't go TOO much faster...if it does it will have it's nose shock
wave impinge upon the intakes and then an engine will flame out and [fwoom]

I don't know if it has the power to go this fast or not [about mach 3.8 or 4
if i remember the calcs i did a long time ago...]

-george william herbert
[e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] ( * * * Hunter * * * )
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Summary: SR-71 holds records
Date: 21 Jan 90 03:58:58 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] ( * * * Hunter * * * )
Followup-To: [e-mail]
Organization: California State Polytechnic U., San Luis Obispo, California


In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Gunter Ahrendt)
writes:

>Please the Lockheed SR-71A Blackbird is not the fastest/highest flying plane,
>the MiG-25 E.226 Foxbat can fly approx. 30% higher and the North American
>X-15A-2 300% higher and 100% faster. Even though take-off is not achieved under
>it's own power this does not make it any less remarkable.

In regards to the actual record, much data concerning the SR-71 Blackbird
still remains classified, including the maximum speed and altitude.  However,
the DoD has acknowledged that the SR-71 is a Mach 3+ capable aircraft and the
maximum attainable altitude is over 80,000+ feet.

#==============================================================================#
    |\_/|
    {O o}    Ack! Ack! Ack! Ack! Pfft!
    ( " )    (Bill the Cat lives.)
      U
 Admiral Michael "Hunter" Huang +---------------------------------------------+
 [e-mail]     | * * * * * *  S T A R   T R E K  * * * * * * |
 USS Ticonderoga                |  * * * * * *  L I V E S ! ! !  * * * * * *  |
 NCC-1736                       +---------------------------------------------+
#==============================================================================#
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (H.A.Shaw)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Funding
Date: 20 Jan 90 13:41:17 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (H.A.Shaw)
Organization: Physics Lab, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.


You might be interested in the UK / USSR combined Mir mission called JUNO.  A
competition was run to find a British person to fly on Mir in 1991.  Anybody
could enter, and the 13000 contestants were given various tests to bring the
number down to 4 who went into the Soviet Cosomanaut program.  Two were chosen
some time ago, and one of those will fly.  TV has been involved all the way
along, and one of the people on the Astronaut selection board was an
advertising manager, lokking for people who would look good in adverts.  16
Million (or so) Pounds of advertising is available, and the idea of painting
the Soviet rocket as a Coke can / Chocolate bar / Cigarette packet has been
seriously considered.  Certainly ad space is being sold to pay for the launch.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: radiation hazard from retrieving ga
Date: 22 Jan 90 19:31:00 GMT
Organization: Indiana University CSCI, Bloomington
Nf-ID: #R:<Added:1136904640:iuvax:3200011:000:107
Nf-From: iuvax.cs.indiana.edu!hagerp    Jan 22 14:31:00 1990


It's Th-232 to U-233.  U-233 is the fissile isotope, not U-234.

--paul hager        [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Terry Hancock)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 01/12/90
Date: 22 Jan 90 20:05:31 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Terry Hancock)
Organization: UT AUSTIN Astronomy Department/McDonald Observatory

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steve Friedl) writes:
>I asked if it would be possible to bring Galileo back if some
>Could Galileo be put in orbit around the Earth?  Is it going too
>fast?  Mine is a hypothetical question only.
>
    Way too fast for conventional capture -- and how do you reduce
to LEO, even if you could get it captured?
    Anyway, it's going to be a CLOSE flyby as it is.  I don't think
they could get much closer.  The only way I can think of to capture it,
would be to alter its orbit so that it gets pumped back down to near-
circular solar orbit near the Earth, thus arranging a slower flyby
(and potential capture) at Earth.
    However, that would take years, and be a masterpiece of celestial
navigation, if possible at all.
>
>--
>Stephen J. Friedl, KA8CMY / Software Consultant / Tustin, CA / 3B2-kind-of-guy
>[phone] voice   /   [e-mail]   /   {uunet,attmail}!mtndew!friedl
>

****************************
Terry Hancock
[e-mail]
****************************
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Louis A. Mamakos)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Salyut 7
Date: 23 Jan 90 18:59:11 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (USENET News Posting)
Organization: The University of Maryland, College Park

There's a very interesting article in this month's issue of "Air &
Space" magazine, published by the Smithsonian Instutition.  It
describes the "rescue" of the Salyut 7 space station after it suddenly
ceased operation (no telemetry or navaigational beacons).  Pick up a
copy today..

louie
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Thomas F. Smith)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: U.S. Space Policy/NOV 89 Part 2 of 2 (LONG)
Date: 16 Jan 90 19:35:16 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Thomas F. Smith)
Organization: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA


US SPACE POLICY NOVEMBER 1989        PART TWO OF TWO   PAGES 7 - 14

                                7


          Space Applications.  NASA and other agencies will
pursue the identification and development of appropriate
applications flowing from their activities.  Agencies will seek
tc promote private sector development and implementation of
applications.

         -- Such applications will create new capabilities, or
improve the quality or efficiency of continuing activities,
including long-term scientific observations.

         -- NASA will seek to ensure its capability to conduct
selected critical missions through an appropriate mix of assured
access to space, on-orbit sparing, advanced automation
techniques, redundancy, and other suitable measures.

          -- Agencies may enter cooperative research and
development agreements on space applications with firms seeking
to advance the relevant state-of-the-art consistent with United
States Government space objectives.

          -- Management of Federal civil operational remote
sensing is the responsibility of the Department of Commerce.  The
Department of Commerce will:  (a) consolidate Federal needs for
civil operational remote sensing products to be met either by the
private sector or the Federal government; (b) identify needed
civil operational system research and development objectives; and
(c) in coordination with other departments or agencies, provide
for the regulation of private sector operational remote sensing
systems.

          Civil Government Space Transportation.  The unique
Space Transportation System (STS) capability to provide manned
access to space will be exploited in those areas that offer the
greatest national return, including contributing to United States
preeminence in critical aspects, of manned spaceflight.  The STS
fleet will maintain the Nation's capability and will be used to
support critical programs requiring manned presence and other
unique STS capabilities.  In support of national space
transportation goals, NASA will establish sustainable STS flight
rates to provide for planning and budgeting of Government space
programs.  NASA will pursue appropriate enhancements to STS
operational capabilities, upper stages, and systems for
deploying, servicing, and retrieving spacecraft as national and
user requirements are defined.

          International Cooperation.  The United States will
foster increased international cooperation in civil space
activities by seeking mutually beneficial international
participation in civil space and space-related programs.  The
National Space Council shall be responsible for oversight of
civil space cooperation with the Soviet Union.  No such





                                 8

cooperative activity shall be initiated until an appropriate
interagency review has been completed.  United States cooperation
in international civil space activities will:

           -- United States participation in international space
ventures, whether public or private, must be consistent with
United States technology transfer laws, regulations, Executive
Orders and presidential directives.

          -- Support the public, nondiscriminatory direct
readout of data from Federal civil systems to foreign ground
stations and the provision of data to foreign users under
specified conditions.

         -- Be conducted in such a way as to protect the
commercial value of intellectual property developed with Federal
support.  Such cooperation will not preclude or deter commercial
space activities by the United States private sector, except as
required by national security or public safety.


COMMERCIAL SPACE SECTOR GUIDELINES

          NASA, and the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and
Transportation will work cooperatively to develop and implement
specific measures to foster the growth of private sector
commercial use of space.  A high-level focus for commercial space
issues has been created through establishment of the National
Space Council.

          To stimulate private sector investment, ownership, and
operation of space assets, the United States Government will
facilitate private sector access to appropriate U.S. space-
related hardware and facilities, and encourage the private sector
to undertake commercial space ventures.  Governmental Space
Sectors shall:

          -- Utilize commercially available goods and services
to the fullest extent feasible, and avoid actions that may
preclude or deter commercial space sector activities except as
required by national security or public safety.  A space good or
service is "commercially available" if it is currently offered
commercially, or if it could be supplied commercially in response
to a government service procurement request.  "Feasible" means
that such goods or services meet mission requirements in a cost-
effective manner.

          -- Enter into appropriate cooperative agreements to
encourage and advance private sector basic research, development,
and operations while protecting the commercial value of the
intellectual property developed;





                                 9

          -- Provide for the use of appropriate Government
facilities on a reimbursable basis;

           -- Identify, and eliminate or propose for
elimination, applicable portions of United States laws and
regulations that unnecessarily impede commercial space sector
activities;

          -- Encourage free and fair trade in commercial space
activities.  Consistent with the goals, principles, and policies
set forth in this directive, the United States Trade
Representative will consult, or, as appropriate, negotiate with
other countries to encourage free and fair trade in commercial
space activities.  In entering into space-related technology
development and transfer agreements with other countries,
Executive Departments and agencies will take into consideration
whether such countries practice and encourage free and fair trade
in commercial space activities.

           -- Provide for the timely transfer of Government-
developed space technology to the private sector in such a manner
as to protect its commercial value, consistent with national
security.

          --   Price Government-provided goods and services
consistent with OMB Circular A-25.

NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE SECTOR GUIDELINES

       General:

          -- The Department of Defense (DOD) will develop,
operate, and maintain an assured mission capability through an
appropriate mix of robust satellite control, assured access to
space, on-orbit sparing. proliferation, reconstitution or other
means.

          -- The national security space program, including
dissemination of data, shall be conducted in accordance with
Executive Orders and applicable directives for the protection of
national security information and commensurate with both the
missions performed and the security measures necessary to protect
related space activities.

          -- DOD will ensure that the national security space
program incorporates the support requirements of the Strategic
Defense Initiative.

           Space Support:

          --   The national security space sector may use both
manned and unmanned launch systems as determined by specific






                                 10

mission requirements.  Payloads will be distributed among launch
systems and launch sites to minimize the impact of loss of any
single launch system or launch site on mission performance.  The
DOD will procure unmanned launch vehicles or services and
maintain launch capability on both the East and West coasts.  DOD
will also continue to enhance the robustness of its satellite
control capability through an appropriate mix of satellite
autonomy and survivable command and control, processing, and data
dissemination systems.

           -- DOD will study concepts and technologies which
would support future contingency launch capabilities.

           Force Enhancement:

           -- The national security space sector will develop,
operate, and maintain space systems and develop plans and
architectures to meet the requirements of operational land, sea,
and air forces through all levels of conflict commensurate with
their intended use.

           Space Control:

           -- The DOD will develop, operate, and maintain
enduring space systems to ensure its freedom of action in space.
This requires an integrated combination of antisatellite,
survivability, and surveillance capabilities.

           -- Antisatellite (ASAT) Capability.  The United
States will develop and deploy a comprehensive capability with
programs as required and with initial operations capability at
the earliest possible date.

          -- DOD space programs will pursue a survivability
enhancement program with long-term planning for future
requirements.  The DOD must provide for the survivability of
selected, critical national security space assets (including
associated terrestrial components) to a degree commensurate with
the value and utility of the support they provide to national-
level decision functions, and military operational forces across
the spectrum of conflict.

          -- The United States will develop and maintain an
integrated attack warning, notification, verification, and
contingency reaction capability which can effectively detect and
react to threats to United States space systems.

          Force Application.  The DOD will, consistent with
treaty obligations, conduct research, development, and planning
to be prepared to acquire and deploy space systems should
national security conditions dictate.




                                11

INTER-SECTOR GUIDELINES

The following paragraphs identify selected, high priority cross-
sector efforts and responsibilities to implement plans supporting
major United States space policy objectives:

           Space Transportation Guidelines.

                The United States national space transportation
capability will be based on a mix of vehicles, consisting of the
Space Transportation System (STS), unmanned launch vehicles
(ULVs), and in-space transportation systems.  The elements of
this mix will be defined to support the mission needs of national
security and civil government sectors of United States space
activities in the most cost effective manner.

          -- As determined by specific mission requirements,
national security space sector will use the STS and ULVs,.  In
coordination with NASA, the DOD will assure the Shuttle s utility
to national defense and will integrate missions into the Shuttle
system.  Launch priority will be provided for national security
missions as implemented by NASA-DOD agreements.  Launches
necessary to preserve and protect human life in space shall have
the highest priority except in times of national security
emergency.

          -- The STS will continue to be managed and operated
in an institutional arrangement consistent with the current
NASA/DOD Memorandum of Understanding.  Responsibility will remain
in NASA for operational control of the STS for civil missions,
and in the DOD for operational control of the STS for national
security missions.  Mission management is the responsibilitY of
the mission agencY.

          -- United States commercial launch operations are an
integral element cf a robust national space launch capability.
NASA will not maintain an expendable launch vehicle (ELV) adjunct
to the STS.  NASA will provide launch services for commercial and
foreign payloads only where those payloads must be man-tended,
require the unique capabilities of the STS, or it is determined
that launching the payloads on the STS is important for national
security or foreign policy purposes.  Commercial and foreign
payloads will not be launched on government owned or operated ELV
systems except for national security or foreign policy reasons.

          -- Civil Government agencies will encourage, to the
maximum extent feasible, a domestic commercial launch industry by
contracting for necessary ELV launch services directly from the
private sector or with DOD.

          --   NASA and the DOD will continue to cooperate in the
development and use of military and civil space transportation




                                 12

systems and avoid unnecessary duplication of activities.  They
will pursue new launch and launch support concepts aimed at
improving cost-effectiveness, responsiveness, capability,
reliability, availability, maintainability, and flexibility.
Such cooperation between the national security and civil sectors
will ensure efficient and effective use of national resources.

           Guidelines for the Federal Encouragement of Commercial
Unmanned Launch Vehicles (ULVs):

           -- The United States Government fully endorses and
will facilitate the commercialization of United States unmanned
launch vehicles (ULVs).

           -- The Department of Transportation (DOT) is the lead
agency within the Federal Government for developing,
coordinating, and articulating Federal policy and regulatory
guidance pertaining to United States commercial launch activities
in consultation with DOD, State, NASA, and other concerned
agencies.  All Executive departments and agencies shall assist
the DOT in carrying out its responsibilities, as set forth in the
Commercial Space Launch Act and Executive Order 12465.

           -- The United States Government encourages the use of
its launch and launch-related facilities for United States
commercial launch operations.

           -- The United States Government will have priority
use of government facilities and support services to meet
national security and critical mission requirements.  The United
States Government will make all reasonable efforts to minimize
impacts on commercial operations.

                The United States Government will not subsidize
the commercialization of ULVs, but will price the use of its
facilities, equipment, and services with the goal of encouraging
viable commercial ULV activities in accordance with the
Commercial Space Launch Act.

                The United States Government will encourage free
market competition within the United States private sector.  The
United States Government will provide equitable treatment for all
commercial launch operators for the sale or lease of Government
equipment and facilities consistent with its economic, foreign
policy, and national security interests.

                NASA and DOD, for those unclassified and
releasable capabilities for which they have responsibility,
shall, to the maximum extent feasible:

                --- Use best efforts to provide commercial launch
firms with access, on a reimbursable basis, to national launch




                                 13

and launch-related facilities, equipment, tooling, and services
to support commercial launch operations;

                --- Develop, in consultation with the DOT,
contractual arrangements covering access by commercial launch
firms to national launch and launch-related property and services
they request in support of their operations;

                --- Provide technical advice and assistance to
commercial launch firms on a reimbursable basis, consistent with
the pricing guidelines herein; and

                --- Conduct, in coordination with DOT,
appropriate environmental analyses necessary to ensure that
commercial launch operations conducted at Federal launch
facilities are in compliance with the National Environmental
Policy Act.

          Government ULV Pricing Guidelines.  The price charged
for the use of United States Government facilities, equipment,
and service, will be based on the following principles:

           -- Price all services (including those associated
with production and launch of commercial ULVs) based on the
direct costs incurred by the United States Government.
Reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation from which
the cost of providing such property or service was paid.

                The United States Government will not seek to
recover ULV design and development costs or investments
associated with any existing facilities or new facilities
required to meet United States Government needs to which the U.S.
Government retains title;

          -- Tooling, equipment, and residual ULV hardware, on
hand at the completion of the United States Government s program
will be priced on a basis that is in the best overall interest of
the United States Government, taking into consideration that
these sales will not constitute a subsidy to the private sector
operator.

         Commercial Launch Firm Requirements.  Commercial launch
firms shall:

          -- Maintain all facilities and equipment leased from
the United States Government to a level of readiness and repair
specified by the United States Government;

           -- ULV operators shall comply with all requirements
of the Commercial Space Launch Act, a11 regulations issued under,
the Act, and all terms, conditions or restrictions of any license
issued or transferred by the Secretary of Transportation under




                                 14

the Act.

          Technology Transfer Guidelines.

               The United States will work to stem the flow of
advanced western space technology to unauthorized destinations.
Executive departments and agencies will be fully responsible for
protecting against adverse technology transfer in the conduct of
their programs.

          -- Sales of United States space hardware, software,
and related technologies for use in foreign space projects will
be consistent with relevant international and bilateral
agreements and arrangements.

          Space Infrastructure.  All Sectors shall recognize the
importance of appropriate investments in the facilities and human
resources necessary to support United States space objectives and
maintain investmentS that are Consistent with such objectives.
The National Space Council will conduct a feasibility study of
alternate methods for encouraging private sector investment,
including capital funding, of United States space infrastructure
such as ground facilities, launcher developments, and orbital
assembly and test facilities.

          The primary forum for negotiations on nuclear and space
arms is the Nuclear and Space Talks (NST) with the Soviet Union
in Geneva.  The instructions to the United States Delegation will
be consistent with this National Space Policy directive,
established legal obligations, and additional guidance by the
President.  The United States will continue to consult with its
Allies on these negotiations and ensure that any resulting
agreements enhance the security of the United States and its
Allies.  Any discussions on arms control relating to activities
in space in forums other than NST must be consistent with, and
subordinate to, the forgoing activities and objectives.

                              * * * *
--
This space reserved.                                     Space Not Reserved.
Space Commercialization Office, Space Systems Division, Los Angeles AFB, CA.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Bob Gray)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Headline News for 01/23/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 25 Jan 90 13:25:25 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Bob Gray)
Organization: Edinburgh Concurrent Supercomputer Project

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee) writes:
>This is NASA Headline News for Tuesday, January 23rd......
>
>The weekly publication "Space News" reports that NASA
>Administrator Richard Truly last week asked Vice President Quayle
>to recommend to the President that he set 2010 as the date for
>the U.S. to return to the moon.

Sounds like quite a good decision.

Twenty years from now there should be a lot of second hand
Japanese and Russian (and hopefully European) lunar ferries
coming onto the market. NASA should be able to force the
price down by making the right deals.

Market forces at work.

Only 1/2 :->
    Bob.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Andy Clews)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Re: Wasps Sting Hubble Telescope
Date: 29 Jan 90 11:12:45 GMT
Organization: University of Sussex
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17087 sci.astro:6591

From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Ron Baalke):
>  The clean room at Kennedy Space Flight Center in Florida is designed to
>  keep even minute dust particles out. But the best high technology
>  protections were apparently not enough to keep out nine wasps [...]
>
>  The invasion of the insects posed a tricky problem for worker who did
>  not want to risk damage to the telescope's highly polished mirrors in
>  trying to kill the unwanted guests.

They should have asked my grandad for help.  One time-honoured solution
is to half-fill a jar with a mixture of jam and beer (more beer than
jam).  The wasps are attracted to this, leading to their death (by
drowning, if not alcoholic poisoning).  No nasty spray residue left
behind; no nasty squashed wasps on the HST mirrors.  Just throw away the
jar after a couple of days.

:-) :-) :-)
--
Andy Clews, Computing Service, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QN, England
JANET: [e-mail]   BITNET: [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]. (Bertil Jonell)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: NASA Funding
Date: 21 Jan 90 12:50:21 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (Evald Nyhetsson)
Reply-To: [e-mail] ()
Organization: Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

In article <5A0110121F340076-MTABWIDENER*DXANDY@widener> [e-mail] writes:
> If NASA were to enter the
>world of advertising, if only in a small way, surely it would be able to
>bring in several millions of dollars.  For example, if the ET were to act as
>huge billboard, I am sure that a company such as Coca Cola would pay massive
>amounts to have it painted like a giant Coke can.

The paint would also *weigh* massive amounts and that will decrease the
payload. This is the reason that they quit painting the ET white. Like
they did for the first missions.

Bertil K K Jonell @ Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
NET: [e-mail]
VOICE: [phone] / [phone]     "Don't worry,I've got Pilot-7"
SNAILMAIL: Box 154,S-43900 Onsala,SWEDEN      (Famous last words)
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Mixed Fleet Manifest for 01/90 [Part 4 of 7] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 17:37:40 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| HST                 | N/A             | 89 06  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| HST REV-01          | PALL+FSS        | 93 06  | 93 06 10  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| HST REV-02          | PALL+FSS        | 96 01  | 96 02 29  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| IBSS                | SPAS            | 89 06  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| IEH                 | HITCHHIKER-G    | 92 06  | 92 10 29  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| IFCE/CTM            | HITCHHIKER-G    | 93 02  | 93 03 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OAST    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| IMAX-04             | ICBC+MD         | 90 03  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-05             | N/A             | 90 12  | 90 12 12  | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-06             | ICBC            | 91 03  | 91 05 16  | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-EURECA-R**     | ICBC            | 92 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-ATLAS-02**     | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 92 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-SRAD/TPITS**   | ICBC+MD         | 92 11  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| IMAX-HST REV**      | ICBC+MD         | 93 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-FTS**          | ICBC            | 93 09  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-XTE**          | ICBC+MD         | 94 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-SFU**          | ICBC            | 94 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IMAX-OMV**          | ICBC+MD         | 95 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | ***        | OC      |
| IML-01              | LM              | 90 12  | 90 12 12  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| IML-02              | LM+EDO          | 93 01  | 93 01 28  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| IML-03              | LM+EDO          | 95 04  | 95 06  1  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| IML-04**            | LM+EDO          | 97 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| INMARSAT-01         | PAM-D2          | 88 06  | 92 10 29  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | INMRSAT |
| INMARSAT-02         | PAM-D2          | 94 04  | 93 03 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | INMRSAT |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| IPMP-01             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 03  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OCP     |
| ISEM-01             | HITCHHIKER-M    | 92 04  | 92 10 29  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| ISEM-02             | HITCHHIKER-M    | 93 12  | 93 03 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| ISF-01              | FM+DS           | 94 02  | 94 02  3  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-02              | AM+DS           | 94 08  | 94 10 27  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes
***  IMAX is manifested with the appropriate primary payloads

                                       5.6






                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ISF-03              | FM+DS           | 95 02  | 96 05 30  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-04**            | AM+DS           | 95 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-05**            | AM+DS           | 96 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-06**            | AM+DS           | 96 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-07**            | AM+DS           | 97 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ISF-08**            | AM+DS           | 97 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-09**            | AM+DS           | 98 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-10**            | AM+DS           | 98 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-11**            | AM+DS           | 99 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-12**            | AM+DS           | 99 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ISF-13**            | AM+DS           | 00 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| ISF-14**            | AM+DS           | 00 08  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SII     |
| LAGEOS II           | IRIS            | 91 06  | 91 12  5  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| LIFESAT-01          | TBD             | 94 01  | 94 12     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSF     |
| LIFESAT-02          | TBD             | 94 06  | 95 06     | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| LIFESAT-03          | TBD             | 95 01  | 95 12     | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSF     |
| LIFESAT-04          | TBD             | 95 06  | 96 06     | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSF     |
| LIFESAT-05**        | TBD             | 96 03  |           | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSF     |
| LIFESAT-06**        | TBD             | 96 09  |           | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSF     |
| LITE                | PALLET          | 93 04  | 93 05  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OAST    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| LUNAR OBSERVER      | TBD             | 96 10  |           | INTERMEDIATE**     | N/A        | OSSA    |
| MACSAT(NAVY)        | N/A             | 90 04  | 90 04     | SCOUT              | N/A        | DOD     |
| MARS OBSERVER       | TOS             | 92 09  | 92 09     | TITAN III          | N/A        | OSSA    |
| MARS OBSERVER II**  | TBD             | 97 06  |           | INTERMEDIATE**     | N/A        | OSSA    |
| MPEC                | HITCHHIKER-G    | 90 11  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes





                                      5.7






                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| MSAT                | TBD             | 93 10  | 93 10     | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OAST    |
| NOAA-D              | N/A             | 90 05  | 90 05     | ATLAS E            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| NOAA-I              | N/A             | 91 05  | 91 05     | ATLAS E            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| NOAA-J              | N/A             | 92 09  | 92 09     | ATLAS E            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| NOAA-K              | N/A             | 93 12  | 93 12     | TITAN II           | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| NOAA-L              | N/A             | 95 04  | 95 04     | TITAN II           | N/A        | OSSA    |
| NOAA-M              | N/A             | 96 07  | 96 07     | TITAN II           | N/A        | OSSA    |
| NTE-02**            | HITCHHIKER-M    | 95 06  | 94 10  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OAST    |
| OAST-02             | MPESS           | 93 03  | 93 07 22  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OAST    |
| OCTW-01             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 07  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| OMV                 | N/A             | 93 12  | 95 01 19  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| OSL**               | TBD             | 97 03  |           | MEDIUM**           | N/A        | OSSA    |
| PCG-III-03          | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 03  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OCP     |
| PCG-III-04          | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 06  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OCP     |
| POLAR               | N/A             | 93 06  | 93 06     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| PROFILE             | N/A             | 91 01  | 91 01     | SCOUT              | N/A        | DOD     |
| RADARSAT            | TBD             | 94 06  | 94 06     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| RCA 3001            | PAM-D           | 90 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GE      |
| RCA 4004            | PAM-D2          | 89 09  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GE      |
| RCA 4006            | PAM-D2          | 91 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GE      |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| REFLEX              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 94 05  | 94 02 24  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OAST    |
| RME III-01          | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 88 08  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| RME III-02          | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 88 10  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| ROSAT               | N/A             | 90 05  | 90 05     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SALT(NAVY)          | N/A             | 90 06  | 90 06     | SCOUT              | N/A        | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                      5.8







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SAMPEX              | N/A             | 92 06  | 92 06     | SCOUT              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SAREX II-01         | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 03  | 90 05  9  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OC      |
| SAREX II-02         | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 06  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OC      |
| SATCOM              | PAM-D2          | 91 07  | 93 11 12  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GE      |
| SDS-01              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 92 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SDS-02              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 93 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SE-81-09            | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 01  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OA      |
| SE-82-16            | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 82 06  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OA      |
| SEAWIFS             | TBD             | 92 10  |           | SMALL**            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SFU-RETR            | N/A             | 94 07  | 94 06  2  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ISAS    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SHARE II            | UNIQUE          | 91 01  | 91 01 31  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| SHARE III           | UNIQUE          | 91 06  | 92 12 10  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| SHOOT               | HITCHHIKER-M    | 92 03  | 92 09  3  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| SIRTF**             | CENTAUR**       | 98 06  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SKIRT (STP-01)      | HITCHHIKER-G    | 89 07  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SL-D2               | LM + USS        | 90 10  | 92 05 28  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DLR     |
| SL-D3               | LM + USS        | 92 03  | 94 08  4  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DLR     |
| SL-J                | LM              | 90 10  | 91 06 17  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SLS-01              | LM              | 90 08  | 90 08 29  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SLS-02              | LM+EDO          | 92 03  | 92 09 30  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SLS-03              | LM+EDO          | 94 06  | 95 02 15  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SLS-04              | LM+EDO          | 96 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SLS-05**            | LM+EDO          | 98 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SMEX-04             | N/A             | 94 09  | 94 09     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-05             | N/A             | 95 06  | 95 06     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                     5.9







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SMEX-06             | N/A             | 95 12  | 95 12     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-07             | N/A             | 96 06  | 96 06     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-08             | N/A             | 96 12  | 96 12     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-09             | N/A             | 97 06  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-10             | N/A             | 97 12  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SMEX-11**           | N/A             | 98 06  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-12**           | N/A             | 98 12  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-13**           | N/A             | 99 06  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-14**           | N/A             | 99 12  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SMEX-15**           | N/A             | 00 06  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SMEX-16**           | N/A             | 00 12  |           | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SOHO                | N/A             | 95 03  | 95 03     | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SOLAR PROBE**       | CENTAUR**       | 98 05  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSSA    |
| SPACEHAB-01         | SPACEHAB        | 92 09  | 92 09  3  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPACEHAB-02         | SPACEHAB        | 93 03  | 93 02 25  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SPACEHAB-03         | SPACEHAB        | 93 09  | 93 07 22  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPACEHAB-04         | SPACEHAB        | 94 03  | 93 10 22  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPACEHAB-05         | SPACEHAB        | 94 09  | 94 05 12  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPACEHAB-06         | SPACEHAB        | 95 03  | 94 10  6  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPACEHAB-07**       | SPACEHAB        | 95 09  | 96 01 11  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SPACEHAB-08**       | SPACEHAB        | 96 03  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | SPHAB   |
| SPAS-CRISTA         | SPAS            | 93 07  | 93 04 15  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SPAS-ORFEUS         | SPAS            | 92 08  | 92 09  3  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SPTN-02             | MPESS           | 89 01  | 91 12  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SPTN-T              | MPESS           | 93 12  | 95 01 19  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                     5.10







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SRAD/TPITS          | PALLET          | 92 01  | 92 10 29  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| SRL-01              | PALL+MPESS      | 92 06  | 92 07 16  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SRL-02              | PALL+MPESS      | 93 12  | 93 12  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SRL-03              | PALL+MPESS      | 94 12  | 95 12  7  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-02            | UNIQUE          | 89 01  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSBUV-03            | UNIQUE          | 89 07  | 92 06 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-04            | UNIQUE          | 90 01  | 93 04 15  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-05            | UNIQUE          | 90 07  | 94 03 17  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-06            | UNIQUE          | 91 01  | 94 10  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-07            | UNIQUE          | 91 07  | 95 09  7  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSBUV-08            | UNIQUE          | 92 01  | 96 01 11  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-09            | UNIQUE          | 92 07  | 96 08 15  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-10            | UNIQUE          | 93 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-11            | UNIQUE          | 93 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| SSBUV-12            | UNIQUE          | 94 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSCE-01             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 88 04  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OSSA    |
| SSF/L-01(PMC)       | UNIQUE          | 97 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-02            | UNIQUE          | 97 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-03            | UNIQUE          | 97 12  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-04            | UNIQUE          | 98 03  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSF/L-05            | UNIQUE          | 98 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-06            | UNIQUE          | 98 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-07            | UNIQUE          | 98 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-08            | UNIQUE          | 98 12  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-09            | UNIQUE          | 99 03  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                     5.11







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSF/L-10            | UNIQUE          | 99 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/L-11            | UNIQUE          | 99 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-01(FEL)      | UNIQUE          | 95 03  | 95 03  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-02           | UNIQUE          | 95 06  | 95 06 22  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-03           | UNIQUE          | 95 08  | 95 08 10  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSF/MB-04           | UNIQUE          | 95 11  | 95 11 16  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-05           | UNIQUE          | 96 01  | 96 02  8  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-06           | UNIQUE          | 96 04  | 96 03 28  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-07(MTC)      | UNIQUE          | 96 06  | 96 06 20  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-08           | UNIQUE          | 96 11  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSF/MB-09           | UNIQUE          | 97 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-10           | UNIQUE          | 97 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-11           | UNIQUE          | 97 09  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-12           | UNIQUE          | 98 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/MB-13           | UNIQUE          | 98 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSF/MB-14           | UNIQUE          | 98 09  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/OF-01           | UNIQUE          | 96 08  | 96 09 19  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/OF-02           | UNIQUE          | 97 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/OF-03           | UNIQUE          | 99 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| SSF/OF-04           | UNIQUE          | 99 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| SSS                 | UNIQUE          | 93 10  | 95 01 19  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| STARLAB             | LM+1 PALL       | 90 06  | 91 09 30  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| STP-01              | HITCHHIKER-M    | 90 07  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | DOD     |
| SWAS                | N/A             | 93 06  | 93 06     | SMALL              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| TDRS-E              | IUS             | 90 03  | 91 01 31  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSO     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                     5.12







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| TDRS-F              | IUS             | 91 08  | 92 12 10  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSO     |
| TDRS-G              | IUS             | 91 12  | 95 04 27  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSO     |
| TDRS-H**            | IUS             | 92 11  | 95 09 28  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSO     |
| TFS-01              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 93 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| TFS-02              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 94 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| TOMS                | N/A             | 93 06  | 93 06     | SCOUT              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| TSS-01              | MPESS+1 PALL    | 90 10  | 91 05 16  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSF     |
| TSS-02**            | MPESS+1 PALL    | 92 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| TSS-03**            | MPESS+1 PALL    | 94 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| UARS                | N/A             | 91 08  | 91 08 22  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| UFO-02              | UNIQUE          | 93 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| UFO-03              | UNIQUE          | 94 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| ULYSSES             | IUS/PAM         | 90 10  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USML-01             | LM+EDO          | 92 03  | 92 03  5  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USML-02             | LM+EDO          | 94 03  | 94 04  7  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| USML-03             | LM+EDO          | 96 03  | 96 05  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USML-04             | LM+EDO          | 98 03  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USMP-01             | MSL+MPESS       | 92 05  | 92 02 13  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USMP-02             | MSL+MPESS       | 93 06  | 93 03 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USMP-03             | MSL+MPESS       | 94 06  | 93 11 12  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| USMP-04             | MSL+MPESS       | 95 06  | 94 06  2  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| USMP-05**           | MSL+MPESS       | 96 06  | 96 07 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| UVLIM (STP-01)      | HITCHHIKER-G    | 88 07  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | DOD     |
| VC-CCTV             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 01  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OSF     |
| WIND                | TBD             | 92 12  | 92 12     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                     5.13







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| WISP                | OMV+PALL        | 95 01  | 95 01 19  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| WSF-01              | UNIQUE          | 92 04  | 92 04 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| WSF-02              | UNIQUE          | 93 09  | 93 11 12  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| WSF-03              | UNIQUE          | 92 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| WSF-04              | UNIQUE          | 93 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| XTE                 | FSS             | 94 03  | 94 02 24  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes


























                                     5.14






















                                      SECTION 6


                                 PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST


























                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****


   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   AAFE                 Aeroassist Flight                Experimental vehicle that simulates the atmospheric
                        Experiment                       flight phase of an Aeroassisted Orbital Transfer
                                                         Vehicle (OATV) returning from geosynchronous orbit.
                                                         Provides environmental and design data for an AOTV.

   AC                   Atlas Centaur                    Intermediate Class Expendable Launch Vehicle.

   ACE                  Advanced Composition             Free flying scientific spacecraft that may be
                        Explorer                         solar, celestial or earth pointing.

   ACES                 Acoustic Containerless           Technical demonstration to obtain early
                        Experiment System                microgravity tests of gas transport phenomena in a
                                                         3-axis levitation furnace.

   ACTS                 Advanced Communications          Flight verification of high risk communications
                        Technology Satellite             technology to support future satellite
                                                         communications systems.

   AD                   Animal Development-Genetics      Series of experiments to determine effects of
                                                         weightlessness on animal genetics.

   ADSF                 Automatic Directional            Technology demonstration of directional
                        Solidification Furnace           solidification of magnetic materials, immiscibles,
                                                         and IR detection materials.

   ADVPCG               Advanced Protein Crystal         Second generation flight system for protein crystal
                        Growth                           growth in a microgravity environment.

   AF Polar Bear        Air Force Polar Bear             Study atmospheric effects on electromagnetic
                                                         propagation.




                                 6.1







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   AFE                  American Flight                  Collects quantitative in-flight data on
                        Echocardiograph                  cardiovascular changes in the crew.

   AFITV                Air Force Instrumented Test      Anti-satellite target vehicle.
                        Vehicle

   AFP-675              Air Force Program-675            Collects infrared data to support Strategic Defense
                                                         Initiative program.  Formerly, Cryogenic Infrared
                                                         Radiance Instrument for Shuttle (CIRRIS).

   ALFE                 Advanced Liquid Feed             Demonstrates performance of liquid feed system
                        Experiment                       components in low-g environment.

   ALT                  Altitude                         Orbit altitude in nautical miles.

   AM                   Auxiliary Module                 Provides consumables resupply, payload changeout
                                                         and additional on-orbit volume for the ISF Facility
                                                         Module (FM).

   AMOS                 Air Force Maui Optical           Technology development/geophysical environment
                        Station                          study. Calibrate AMOS ground-based electro-optical
                                                         sensors and study on-orbit plume phenomenology
                                                         using the Shuttle as a test object.

   AMPTE                Active Magnetosphere             Satellite to study transfer of mass from the solar
                        Particle Tracer Experiment       wind to the magnetosphere.

   ANS                  Astronomical Netherlands         Study the sky in ultraviolet and x-ray from above
                        Satellite                        the atmosphere.

   APE                  Aurora Photography               Enhance understanding of the geographic extent and
                        Experiment                       dynamics of the aurora.


                                 6.2







                                          **** PAYLOAD/ACRONYM LIST ****

   PAYLOAD/ACRONYM             NAME                                   DESCRIPTION


   APM                  Ascent Particle Monitor          Collects particulate material from the Orbiter
                                                         during ascent, using an automated mechanical/
                                                         electrical assembly.

   ARABSAT              Arab Satellite                   Communications satellite of the Arab Satellite
                                                         Communications Organization.

   ARC                  Aggregation of Red Cells         Studies aggregation of red cells and blood
                                                         viscosity under low-g conditions.

   ARF                  Aquatic Research Facility        Houses a variety of small aquatic specimens for
                                                         research on microgravity adaptation.

   ASC                  American Satellite Company       A satellite to provide commercial communication
                                                         service to continental United States, Hawaii,
                                                         Alaska, and Puerto Rico.

   ASP                  Attitude Sensor Package          Foreign Reimbursable Hitchhiker-G payload.

   ASTRO                Astronomy                        Program designed to obtain ultraviolet (UV) data on
                                                         astronomical objects using a UV telescope.

---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 19 Jan 90 17:28:06 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet


In SPACE Digest V10 #444, Paul Dietz writes:

>In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Kim Flowers) writes:
>
>>Hey, what about all those HOH molecules them hydrogen-oxygen boosters
>>are spreading all over the place!  Could be a real problem... :)
>
>Actually, they could be, if the launch rate is high enough (read:
>much larger than now).  The upper stratosphere is extremely dry.
>If we inject water there, it could form high altitude ice clouds,
>especially in polar regions.  Such clouds cause net warming by
>reflecting infrared radiation.  Also, ice clouds in the Antarctic
>stratosphere are thought to play a part in the formation of
>the ozone hole.
>
>    Paul F. Dietz
>    [e-mail]

According to somebody (one of the main figures in this line of
research, whose name nevertheless escapes me) who gave a talk here some
months ago on the subject, high altitude ice clouds play a major role
in the formation of the ozone hole.  Briefly, CFC's destroy ozone in a
catalytic manner, so it doesn't take much of the stuff to do a lot of
damage.  Ice crystals act as an adsorptive surface for the CFC's which
somehow makes them even more active in destroying ozone.  The Antarctic
ozone hole closes up during southern hemisphere summer when the high
altitude ice clouds are not present.

------- Doublethought For Today ---------
"...that flag is a symbol of something    |         Dale M. Greer
       greater than just the rights    |   Center for Space Sciences
             in this country."        | University of Texas at Dallas
     Rep. Lawrence J. Smith of Florida    | UTSPAN::UTADNX::UTDSSA::GREER
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Matthew Skinner)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: radiation hazard from retrieving gallieo
Summary: what to do with old RTGs
Date: 21 Jan 90 21:37:20 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Matthew Skinner)
Organization: Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Kenneth Ng) writes:

>The fuel for the RTG's is Pu238.

...decay chain deleted...

>decays into U234 with a beta emission, I think.  U234 half life 2.48E5
>years (I think it'll stay here for a long time :-)), decays alpha
>particle to Pa232.  I'm not typing the rest of the chain since it'll
>remain U234 for the significant future.  The point of all this?  The

Isn't U234 fissionable?  Seems I recall plans for a Thorium-Uranium
slow breeder reactor that produced U234 for new fuel.  Maybe we should
collect all the RTGs, wait for them to decay to U234, and then refine the
fuel for a nuclear reactor to drive us to the planets.  I mean, since the
stuff is already up there....
                    matthew
--
Matthew Skinner                          skinner@ [ nessie | unicorn ].wwu.edu
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jeremy G Harris)
Newsgroups: sci.astro,sci.space
Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 02/10/90
Summary: Query on "hard short chassis"
Keywords: galileo short problem
Date: 18 Jan 90 10:46:20 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jeremy G Harris)
Organization: UniSoft Ltd, London, England
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.astro:6492 sci.space:16941

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Ron Baalke) writes:
>                   GALILEO MISSION STATUS
>                      January 10, 1990
[...]
>          The AC imbalance measurements reached a level which
>indicated a "hard" short chassis.
[...]
> The DC imbalance measurement continued to slowly increase

Could someone expand for me on the significance of these measurements?
What are the imbalances between, and are they worrying?

Thanks
    Jeremy
--
Jeremy Harris            [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: SR-71 BLACKBIRD
Date: 24 Jan 90 04:04:22 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Tom Neff)

I should point out that we may not be the only superpower with an
interest in hiding our aircraft's true altitude and speed capabilities.

It's risky to assume that Blackbird is sandbagging but that Foxbat has
shown us everything it's got.

What would be really fun would be a post-perestroika flyoff!  May the
best plane win.

Unfortunately I consider this unlikely.  It will be years before
perestroika reaches the US.
--
Psychoanalysis is the mental illness   \\\    Tom Neff
it purports to cure. -- Karl Kraus      \\\   [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Chris Irie)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Japanese craft to the moon
Date: 24 Jan 90 14:41:11 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Chris Irie)
Organization: Computer Systems Group, University of Waterloo


The CBC reported this morning that there are two probes aboard that will    go into lunar orbit. They also said that this happens in MARCH. I could        have sworn that the moon was closer than that.

---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Andy Clews)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: F-1 Engine
Date: 22 Jan 90 14:20:15 GMT
Organization: University of Sussex

From article <[e-mail]>, by [e-mail] (Paul Dietz):
> The F-1 engine's rated chamber pressure was 1122 psia.  The H-1 engine
> on the Saturn C-1 booster had a chamber pressure of 576 psia.

How does the thrust of one of the Shuttle SRB motors compare with that
of one of the good old Saturn V's F1 engines? Was any kind of F1
configuration ever considered in the design of the Shuttle booster
stage?

--
Andy Clews, Computing Service, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QN, ENGLAND
JANET: [e-mail]   BITNET: [e-mail]
Voice: [phone] ext.2129
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (David Messer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Galileo Update - 01/12/90
Date: 24 Jan 90 17:43:21 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (David Messer)
Organization: Lynx Data Systems, Eagan, MN

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Steve Friedl) writes:
 >I asked if it would be possible to bring Galileo back if some
 >problem developed, and the answers weren't what I was looking
 >for.  I understand that RTGs and cost questions and all that are
 >relevant, but my intent is strictly one of orbital mechanics.
 >Could Galileo be put in orbit around the Earth?  Is it going too
 >fast?  Mine is a hypothetical question only.


Sure, just put the space shuttle up in an intersecting orbit --
SMACK -- and most of Galileo will probably wind up in orbit.  :-)

To give a more responsive answer:  It depends on quite a few
factors, such as how much time you have.  If the problem
developed after the Venus encountor, I think the subsequent
encountor with Earth would have too much energy to capture the
it in one pass.  It might be possible to send it back past
Venus to get rid of the energy, or it might take some more
complicated manevors.  If the problem developed before the
Venus encountor, it would be possible to get Galileo somewhere
near earth orbit without too much excess energy, but earth
would not be around.  Some number of years later, it should be
possible to arrange an encountor.  Once you get an Earth
encountor at a low enough energy, you can use one or more
flybys past the moon to arrange a capture.  The final orbit
would have an apogee somewhere out by the moon though.  (I
don't know how you could circularlize it in a reasonable
time.)

The basic rule of this type of orbital maneuvor is that if:
1) you have a fly by somewhere, and 2) you have enought
delta-V to correct for errors in the original orbit, you can
go ANYWHERE.  If you give it enough time.  However, the final
orbit will continue to pass close to the orbit of the last
body you used for a correction.

The even more responsive, and practical answer, is NO.  It is
unlikely that Galileo could be recovered.

(Note:  I am certainly NOT an expert in orbital mechanics -- I
play with the concepts as a hobby, but I may well be totally
off-base here.  If so, please don't be offended.)
--
Remember Tiananmen Square.           | David Messer       [e-mail] -or-
                                     | Lynx Data Systems  ...!bungia!viper!dave
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.astro
Subject: Galileo Update - 01/25/90
Date: 26 Jan 90 00:00:28 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Ron Baalke)
Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:17026 sci.astro:6535



                     GALILEO MISSION STATUS
                        January 25, 1990

     The Galileo spacecraft is about 21.5 million miles from
Earth today, and 5.4 million miles from Venus.  Round-trip light
time to the spacecraft is almost 4 minutes.  Galileo has traveled
almost 156 million miles since launch in its orbit around the
Sun, and has reached an orbital velocity of more than 78,000
miles per hour.

     The spacecraft is in very good health, operating in its all-
spin "safe" mode with automatic sun-pointing.  All science
instruments except the dust detector are turned off, and the
spacecraft is spinning at a rate of 2.89 rpm, pointed within 1/2
degree of the Sun base on the acquisition sensor.  It is sending
telemetry at 1200 bits per second over the low-gain antenna as usual.
The DC bus imbalance is at 20.59 volts and the AC bus imbalance
is at 48.75 volts.

     The flight team is continuing the orderly step-by-step
process of returning Galileo to a cruise configuration and
preparing it for the Venus science observations scheduled for
early next month.  DSS-63, the 70-meter tracking station in
Spain, completed its repairs this week and successfully
performed a Galileo telemetry and tracking pass today.


 Ron Baalke                       |    [e-mail]
 Jet Propulsion Lab  M/S 301-355  |    [e-mail]
 4800 Oak Grove Dr.               |
 Pasadena, CA 91109               |
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Raul Izahi Lopez Hernandez)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Space Station Reading
Keywords: Space Station References On-board systems DMS NASA
Date: 31 Jan 90 00:27:08 GMT
Sender: Raul Izahi Lopez Hernandez <[e-mail]>
Organization: Stanford University

and others, if more will follow:

[1] Chase, R.R.P., "TOWARD A COMPLETE EOS DATA AND INFORMATION SYSTEM",
    IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 27, No.2,
    March 1989.

[2] DeJulio, E.T., Leet, J.H.,, "SPACE STATION SYNERGETIC RAM-LOGISTICS
    ANALYSIS",1988 Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability
    Symposium.

[3] Barry,T., Scheffer, T., Small, L.R., "AN ENVIRONMENT FOR THE INTEGRATION
    AND TEST OF THE SPACE STATION DISTRIBUTED AVIONICS SYSTEMS", IEEE
    AES Magazine, November 1988.

   I came across these papers doing research on On-board Image Processing
Systems since I would like to do design in this area and hope it could
be used sometime in a space vehicle. Yeah, I was told that I can dream
as much as I want...
   This material is available in the CD-ROM IEEE file system.
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Raul Izahi Lopez Hernandez    [e-mail]
Graduate Student, EE Dept.    "Nun, ich war und ich bin noch Student,
Stanford University            denn ein Student bleibt ewig Student!" -DG
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: Japanese Space Program (was Re: NASA Headline News ...)
Date: 31 Jan 90 20:58:53 GMT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Paul Dietz)
Organization: University of Rochester Computer Science Department

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Edwin L Turner) writes:

>I would not have any great confidence in such projections of Japanese
>efforts/abilities in space in view of their recent history with
>respect to high tech endeavors.
>... Needless to say, this approach has often (but
>not always) been quite successful for them.

Yes.  Consider their efforts in commercial aviation, which can only be
classified as a dismal failure, despite decades of effort.  Or, ICOT.

The Japanese have been good at refining technologies, and penetrating
markets incrementally.  If they do have a success in space, I'd
imagine it would be in comsats, rather than in entirely novel space
endeavors.

    Paul F. Dietz
    [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Robert McGwier)
Newsgroups: sci.space,rec.ham-radio
Subject: Spot-2, V35, Microsats, etc.
Keywords: Microsat, Ariane V35, UOSAT, SPOT-2
Date: 23 Jan 90 17:56:26 GMT
Followup-To: sci.space
Organization: idacrd, princeton, nj
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu sci.space:16965 rec.ham-radio:18027

As you may know, the Ariane V35 mission was a complete success.  It lofted
the new French Earth Resources satellite (SPOT-2) into a polar orbit.
It was accompanied by six amateur radio satellites, four Microsats,
two UOSATS.  Are are performing nominally in orbit.  The UOSAT commanders
are able to work with the UOSATs with no problem and Harold Price,
NK6K, and myself are able to command the Microsats at will.  Thanks to
the folks at Ariane for another perfect ride.

Bob

--
____________________________________________________________________________
    My opinions are my own no matter    |    Robert W. McGwier, N4HY
    who I work for! ;-)            |    CCR, AMSAT, etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Brian or James)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Re: booster pollution
Date: 23 Jan 90 16:24:38 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]


 I'm fairly sure that, in addition to Antarctica's relatively 'simple'
weather patterns that another poster mentioned, the southern ozone layer
hole is larger because extreme low temperatures play a role in the process
by which CFCs destray ozone. Antarctica gets much colder for longer periods
than the North pole does (Something to due with the Artic being an ocean
instead of a continent, I believe.). There was an interesting article on
this in Scientific American a year or so ago.
                            James Nicoll
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/25/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 25 Jan 90 20:10:09 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, January 25, 1990                    Audio: 202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------


This is NASA Headline News for Thursday, January 25.....


The space shuttle orbiter Atlantis was rolled out to the launch
pad at Kennedy Space Center this morning.  Launch of STS-36
...a classified Department of Defense mission...is targeted for
no earlier than February 22.  A firm date will be set following a
flight readiness review scheduled for February 9 and 10.  A
terminal countdown demonstration test with the crew is scheduled
for February 2 and 3.


Meanwhile...at Edwards Air Force Base...the NASA 747 carrier
aircraft, with the orbiter Columbia aboard, took off at 10:30
A.M., Eastern time, today, for its two-day trip back to Kennedy
space center.  Inside the payload bay, LDEF...the Long Duration
Exposure Facility.  The 747-Columbia tandem is scheduled to
arrive at KSC Friday afternoon, weather conditions permitting.


After arriving at the Cape...the LDEF will be removed from the
Columbia's payload bay, January 29, and eventually be moved to
the Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility where
researchers will inspect it and remove experiments.


Pre-launch testing of the Hubble Space Telescope is continuing at
the Kennedy Space Center.  Project officials report the testing
procedure is going well with only a few minor problems being
encountered.  The final end-to-end test is scheduled for January
27.  A revised processing schedule is under development in view
of a revised forcasted target launch date of April 19.


Management of the Polar Orbiting Platform, currently under
development by the Office of Space Flight as part of the Space
Station Freedom program, has been transferred to the Office of
Space Science and Applications which has responsibility for the
proposed Earth Observing System program.  The NASA EOS program is
a key element in the Mission to Planet Earth initiative.


Japan's moon-orbiting satellite mission appears to be going well.
The low-budget project includes two satellites....one will remain
in a highly elliptical Earth orbit.  When it arrives in the
vicinity of the moon in mid-March it will eject a small 14-inch
diameter satellite that will go into a 10,000 mile high lunar
orbit.
                *          *          *          *


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affairs events on NASA
Select TV.   All times are Eastern.


Monday, January 29.....

      1:00 P.M.        Fiscal year 91 NASA budget proposal
                       from NASA Headquarters.


Tuesday, January 30....

       2:00 P.M.       STS-32 crew news conference


Thursday, February 1.....

       11:30 A.M.      NASA Update will be transmitted


All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch, NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jim Barnes)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Japanese lunar probe (Was: NASA Headline News for 01/25/90)
Date: 26 Jan 90 13:34:39 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Jim Barnes)
Organization: Xylogics, Inc., Burlington MA

In article <[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee) writes:
>Japan's moon-orbiting satellite mission appears to be going well.
>The low-budget project includes two satellites....one will remain
>in a highly elliptical Earth orbit.  When it arrives in the
>vicinity of the moon in mid-March it will eject a small 14-inch
                         ^^^^^^^^^
>diameter satellite that will go into a 10,000 mile high lunar
>orbit.

Can anyone explain why it will take nearly two months for the Japanese
lunar probe to reach the vicinity of the Moon?
----
  Jim Barnes ([e-mail])    | If all you have is a hammer,
                                      |  everything looks like a nail.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Headline News for 01/26/90 (Forwarded)
Date: 26 Jan 90 18:55:09 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, January 26, 1990                      Audio: 202/755-1788
-----------------------------------------------------------------
This is NASA Headline News for Friday, January 26....


The orbiter Columbia with its cargo....the Long Duration Exposure
Facility...in the payload bay is on its final leg home to Kennedy
Space Center.  Overnighting at Kelly Air Force Base, the
747/orbiter is expected to arrive at the Kennedy Space Center
shortly after 4:00 P.M., Eastern time.   Weather conditions
appear satisfactory for today's flight.

The STS-32 crew will hold a televised news conference next
Tuesday at Johnson Space Center.  They will discuss the retrieval
of the Long Duration Exposure Facility...deployment of the SYNCOM
satellite and the variety of experiments performed during their
ten day mission.  The news conference will be carried on NASA
Select TV at 2:00 P.M., Eastern time.


Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers report that the Magellan
spacecraft heading towards Venus is operating in a standard
cruise mode.  The spacecraft is 113-million 700-thousand miles
from Earth traveling at a speed of over 62-thousand miles per
hour relative to the sun.  One way light time to Magellan is 10
minutes 11 seconds.


The Galileo spacecraft is in very good health, according to JPL.
The flight team is preparing for the Venus science observations
scheduled for early next month.  Galileo is 5.4 million miles
from Venus.   It's traveled almost 156 million miles since
launch and has reached a velocity of more that 78-thousand miles
per hour relative to the sun.


Four space shuttle mission specialists have been designated
payload commanders...a new position in the astronaut corps.
payload commanders will have overall crew responsibility for
planning, integration and on-orbit coordination of payloads on
their mission.  Payload commanders are Norman Thagard for
STS-42...Kathryn Sullivan for STS-45...Jeffery Hoffman for STS-46
and Mark Lee for STS-47.


Aerospace Daily reports the Soviet Union launched the 37th in a
series of Molynia communications satellites tuesday.  It will
replace a Molniya which has been in orbit since 1985.  The
Molniya satellites operate in a highly elliptical orbit rather
than in a geosynchronous orbit as most U.S. communications
satellites.

                       *      *    *


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Here's the broadcast schedule for public affair events on NASA
Select TV.  All times are Eastern.

Monday, January 29....

      1:00 P.M.      Fiscal 91 NASA budget briefing from
                     Washington.


Tuesday, January 30....

      2:00 P.M.      STS-32 crew news conference from Johnson
                     Space Center.


Thursday, February 1....

      11:30 A.M.     NASA Update will be transmitted.


All events and times are subject to change without notice.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
These reports are filed daily, Monday through Friday, at 12 noon,
Eastern time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
A service of the Internal Communications Branch (LPC), NASA
Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Barbarisi)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: The Position of Venus in the Night Sky
Date: 26 Jan 90 19:03:57 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet


I heard that an unusual event recently occurred in the night sky:  Venus
was the evening star, it then disappeared from view, and then it
re-appeared as the morning star.  As a result of this transition, Venus
appears on the opposite side of the Moon relative to where it was three
weeks ago.  Can anyone out there explain this phenomena to me?  What are
the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, Venus , and the Sun during each
phase I've mentioned?  Is this phenomena unusual, and if so, why?

Please respond directly to me, [e-mail], since I do not
subscribe to these lists.

Thanks.....

Marco Barbarisi
Naval Coastal Systems Center
Panama City, FL
85 deg 44' West, 30 deg 10' North

ARPAnet/Internet:  [e-mail]
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Jack Hart)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: A sad anniversery
Date: 26 Jan 90 11:10:41 GMT
Organization: California State University, Fresno (Computer Science)


I'd just like to point out that Saturday, January 27 is the 23rd anniversery
of the Apollo/Saturn 204 accident, in which Gus Grissom, Edward H. White II,
and Roger B. Chafee died of asphyxiation in a capsule fire during a ground
test of their Apollo block 1 spacecraft.

I do this to point out that NASA  is no stranger  to major, dangerous
foulups caused by poor planning and weak design. There are those who say
North American had no business building spacecraft, including Frank Borman
in his book  Countdown. Grissom apparently bitched repeatedly about all
  the glitches that turned up in even the most basic of systems.
I for one am always amazed that no one realized the
danger of an oxygen atmosphere in the presense of electrical wiring. While
things  were redesigned and eventually worked well, this seems a hell of a
price to pay for leaving things to "business as usual", a mentality that years
later resulted in 7 more lives lost on Challenger. In all the wailing and
teeth-gnashing following January 28, 1986 (Sunday is an anniversery, too,
sadly enough) there seemed to be little mention of the previous accident.

Personally, I have always felt that exploration and advancement of science
merited the occasional loss of life, just as flight testing took the lives
of many pilots as they experimented with new aircraft and designs. I also
don't think that stopping tests until the politicians decide it's OK is the
right way to go. I just feel that accidents due to contractor negligence or
bureaucratic ineptitude have no justification or excuse.

An aside:Most people refer to Apollo/Saturn 204  as "Apollo 1". The missio
never received this designation, but the name sticks. There is even a bogus
Apollo 1 mission patch: I have one, purchased from a bootlegger at a local
Warbirds meet. This view is so pervasive that in  The Pictorial History Of
 NASA, edited by Bill Yenne and an official-type book,   it is referred to
as Apollo 1 and the patch is pictured along with the real patches. While this
may have been a real design for the mission, it was never used. I imagine that
patches for later Challenger missions had been designed, too, but they aren't
accepted as official.

Sorry for the downer posting, but I felt a little respect was due those who
died for something they felt important.

       Lowell


--
        Jack Lowell Hart, Jr.       [e-mail]
                                    [e-mail]
                     Great Central Valley Aerospace Club
               Verein fur Raumschffart, Raketenflugplatz, Fresno
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Hunter Scales)
Newsgroups: rec.video,sci.space
Subject: NASA Laserdiscs
Date: 29 Jan 90 21:27:43 GMT
Followup-To: rec.video
Distribution: na
Organization: Motorola Inc. Austin, Tx
Xref: pt.cs.cmu.edu rec.video:11057 sci.space:17083


    A few years ago, I heard of a Laserdisc that NASA had produced that
    had thousands of still video pictures on it.  I think they were
    of Voyarger, but I can't be sure.  Does anyone know if NASA still
    does this and where I can get information on these discs?  With
    the revival of Laserdiscs, I would like to get a player adn the
    availability of discs like this would be a strong impetus.

    Mail me please and I will summarize.
    Thanks.

--
Motorola Semiconductor Inc.                Hunter Scales
Austin, Texas             {harvard,utah-cs,gatech}!cs.utexas.edu!oakhill!hunter
#include <disclaimer.h>
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: NASA Mixed Fleet Manifest for 01/90 [Part 3 of 7] (Forwarded)
Date: 30 Jan 90 16:43:57 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Peter E. Yee)
Organization: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

| 22  | 85 10 30 |57.0| 8 |SPACELAB D-1        LM       |GLOMR      | C:HENRY W. HARTSFIELD             |
| 61-A|CHALLENGER| 175| 7 |                             |           | P:STEVEN R. NAGEL                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES F. BUCHLI                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:GUION S. BLUFORD, JR.          |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:BONNIE J. DUNBAR               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:REINHARD FURRER                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:ERNST W. MESSERSCHMID          |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:WUBBO J. OCKELS                |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 23  | 85 11 26 |28.5| 7 |EASE/ACCESS         MPESS    |GAS(1)     | C:BREWSTER H. SHAW, JR.           |
| 61-B|ATLANTIS  | 190| 7 |MORELOS-B           PAM-D    |CFES       | P:BRYAN D. O'CONNOR               |
|     |          |    |   |SATCOM KU-2         PAM-D2   |IMAX       | MS:MARY L. CLEAVE                 |
|     |          |    |   |AUSSAT-2            PAM-D    |DMOS       | MS:SHERWOOD C. SPRING             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MPSE       | MS:JERRY L. ROSS                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:RUDOLFO NERI VELA              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:CHARLES WALKER                 |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 24  | 86  1 12 |28.5| 7 |MSL-2               MPESS    |HH-G1      | C:ROBERT L. GIBSON                |
| 61-C|COLUMBIA  | 175| 6 |SATCOM KU-1         PAM-D2   |IR-IE      | P:CHARLES F. BOLDEN               |
|     |          |    |   |GAS BRIDGE                   |HPCG       | MS:FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ         |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IBSE       | MS:STEVEN A. HAWLEY               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CHAMP      | MS:GEORGE D. NELSON               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(3)    | PS:ROBERT CENKER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GAS(13)    | PS:BILL NELSON                    |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|









                                         4.6







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 25  | 86  1 28 | -  | 7 |SPTN-HALLEY         MPESS    |TIS-01     | C:FRANCIS R. SCOBEE               |
| 51-L|CHALLENGER| -  | - |TDRS-B              IUS      |FDE        | P:MICHAEL J. SMITH                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CHAMP      | MS:JUDITH A. RESNIK               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |RME        | MS:ELLISON S. ONIZUKA             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SSIP(3)    | MS:RONALD E. MCNAIR               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | PS:GREGORY JARVIS                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | SFP:CHRISTA MCAULIFFE             |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 26  | 88  9 29 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-C              IUS      |ADSF-02    | C:FREDERICK H. HAUCK              |
|     |DISCOVERY | 160| 4 |                             |PVTOS-02   | P:RICHARD O. COVEY                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IRCFE      | MS:JOHN M. LOUNGE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SE-82-04   | MS:GEORGE D. NELSON               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-II-01  | MS:DAVID C. HILMERS               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |IEF-02     |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |HME-01     |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ARC-02     |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MLE-01     |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |ELRAD      |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SE-82-05   |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 27  | 88 12  2 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:ROBERT L. GIBSON                |
|     |ATLANTIS  | X  | 4 |                             |           | P:GUY S. GARDNER                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:RICHARD M. MULLANE             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JERRY L. ROSS                  |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:WILLIAM M. SHEPHERD            |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|








                                          4.7







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 29  | 89  3 13 |28.5| 5 |TDRS-D              IUS      |SHARE      | C:MICHAEL L. COATS                |
|     |DISCOVERY | 163| 5 |IMAX-01                      |SE-83-09   | P:JOHN E. BLAHA                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PCG-III-01 | MS:JAMES F. BUCHLI                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |CHROMEX    | MS:ROBERT C. SPRINGER             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |SE-82-08   | MS:JAMES P. BAGIAN                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-01    |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 30  | 89  5  4 |28.9| 5 |MAGELLAN            IUS      |FEA-01     | C:DAVID M. WALKER                 |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 161| 4 |                             |MLE-02     | P:RONALD J. GRABE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-02    | MS:NORMAN E. THAGARD              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MARY L. CLEAVE                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MARK C. LEE                    |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 28  | 89  8  8 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:BREWSTER H. SHAW, JR.           |
|     |COLUMBIA  | X  | 6 |                             |           | P:RICHARD N. RICHARDS             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:DAVID C. LEESTMA               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:JAMES C. ADAMSON               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MARK N. BROWN                  |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 34  | 89 10 18 |34.3| 5 |GALILEO             IUS      |SSBUV-01   | C:DONALD E. WILLIAMS              |
|     |ATLANTIS  | 160| 7 |IMAX-02             MD       |SE-82-15   | P:MICHAEL J. MCCULLEY             |
|     |          |    |   |                             |GHCD       | MS:SHANNON W. LUCID               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |PM-01      | MS:ELLEN S. BAKER                 |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MLE-03     | MS:FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ         |
|     |          |    |   |                             |STEX       |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-03    |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|







                                          4.8







                                    **** PREVIOUS SHUTTLE FLIGHTS ****

_-----_----------_----_---_-----------------------------_-----------_-----------------------------------_
| FLT |   DATE   |INCL|CRW| PRIMARY PAYLOADS   CARRIER  | SECONDARY |          CREW ASSIGNMENT          |
|     |  ORBITER | ALT|DUR|                             | PAYLOADS  |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 33  | 89 11 22 | XX | 5 |DOD                          |           | C:FREDERICK D. GREGORY            |
|     |DISCOVERY | X  | 6 |                             |           | P:JOHN E. BLAHA                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:F. STORY MUSGRAVE              |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:KATHRYN C. THORNTON            |
|     |          |    |   |                             |           | MS:MANLEY L. CARTER, JR.          |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|
| 32  | 90  1  9 |28.5| 5 |SYNCOM IV-05        UNIQUE   |CNCR       | C:DANIEL C. BRANDENSTEIN          |
|     |COLUMBIA  | 190|11 |LDEF-RETR           N/A      |PCG-III-02 | P:JAMES D. WETHERBEE              |
|     |          |    |   |IMAX-03             MD       |FEA-02     | MS:BONNIE J. DUNBAR               |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AFE-02     | MS:G. DAVID LOW                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |MLE-04     | MS:MARSHA S. IVINS                |
|     |          |    |   |                             |L3         |                                   |
|     |          |    |   |                             |AMOS-04    |                                   |
|-----|----------|----|---|-----------------------------|-----------|-----------------------------------|




















                                           4.9







                                  **** PREVIOUS SCOUT VEHICLE FLIGHTS ****

              PROGRAM INITIATION DATE:  1959                 LAUNCHES TO DATE:         112
              FIRST FLIGHT:             1960                 LAUNCH VEHICLE SUCCESSES:  98

                                            LAST 20 FLIGHTS

              _-------------_-----------------_--------------------_----------------_---------_
              |             |                 |                    | FINAL PAYLOAD  |         |
              | LAUNCH DATE | LAUNCH VEHICLE  |    SPACECRAFT      | ORBIT ACHIEVED | NOTES   |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  75 10 12   |  S-195          |  TIP 2             |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  75 12  5   |  S-196          |  DAD               |                | FAILURE |
              |  76 05 22   |  S-179          |  AIR FORCE         |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  76 09  1   |  S-197          |  NAVY              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  77 10 27   |  S-200          |  NAVY              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  78 04 26   |  S-201          |  HCMM              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  79 02 18   |  S-202          |  SAGE              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  79 06  2   |  S-198          |  UK-6              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  79 10 30   |  S-203          |  MAGSAT            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  81 05 14   |  S-192          |  NOVA I            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  83 06 27   |  S-205          |  HILAT             |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  84 10 11   |  S-208          |  NOVA-III          |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  85 08  2   |  S-209          |  SOOS-I            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  85 12 12   |  S-207          |  AFITV             |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  86 11 13   |  S-199          |  AF POLAR BEAR     |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  87 09 16   |  S-209          |  SOOS-2            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  88 03 25   |  S-206          |  SAN MARCO-DL      |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  88 04 25   |  S-211          |  SOOS-III          |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  88 06 15   |  S-213          |  NOVA-II           |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  88 08 25   |  S-214          |  SOOS-IV           |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|



                                          4.10







                                  **** PREVIOUS DELTA VEHICLE FLIGHTS ****

              PROGRAM INITIATION DATE:  1959                 LAUNCHES TO DATE:          182
              FIRST FLIGHT:             1960                 LAUNCH VEHICLE SUCCESSES:  170

                                            LAST 20 FLIGHTS

              _-------------_-----------------_--------------------_----------------_---------_
              |             |                 |                    | FINAL PAYLOAD  |         |
              | LAUNCH DATE | LAUNCH VEHICLE  |    SPACECRAFT      | ORBIT ACHIEVED | NOTES   |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  83 09  8   |  172            |  RCA-6             |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  83 09 22   |  173            |  GALAXY-B          |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  84 03  1   |  174            |  LANDSAT-D PRIME   |  SS            | SUCCESS |
              |  84 08 16   |  175            |  AMPTE             |  HE            | SUCCESS |
              |  84 09 21   |  176            |  GALAXY-C          |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  84 11 14   |  177            |  NATO-3D           |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  86 05  3   |  178            |  GOES-G            |                | FAILURE |
              |  86 09  5   |  180            |  DOD-1             |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  87 02 26   |  179            |  GOES-H            |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  87 03 20   |  182            |  PALAPA B2P        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  88 02  8   |  181            |  DOD-2             |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 02 14   |  184            |  NAVSTAR-1         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 03 24   |  183            |  DOD-3/DELTA STAR  |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 06 10   |  185            |  NAVSTAR-2         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 08 18   |  186            |  NAVSTAR-3         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  89 08 27   |  187            |  BSB-R1            |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 10 21   |  188            |  NAVSTAR-4         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 11 18   |  189            |  COBE              |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  89 12 12   |  190            |  NAVSTAR-5         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  90 01 24   |  191            |  NAVSTAR-6         |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|





                                             4.11







                               **** PREVIOUS ATLAS CENTAUR VEHICLE FLIGHTS ****

              PROGRAM INITIATION DATE:  1958                 LAUNCHES TO DATE:          66
              FIRST FLIGHT:             1962                 LAUNCH VEHICLE SUCCESSES:  56

                                            LAST 20 FLIGHTS

              _-------------_-----------------_--------------------_----------------_---------_
              |             |                 |                    | FINAL PAYLOAD  |         |
              | LAUNCH DATE | LAUNCH VEHICLE  |    SPACECRAFT      | ORBIT ACHIEVED | NOTES   |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  78 11 13   |  AC-52          |  HEAO B            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  79 05  4   |  AC-47          |  FLTSATCOM-2       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  79 09 20   |  AC-53          |  HEAO 3            |  LEO           | SUCCESS |
              |  80 01 17   |  AC-49          |  FLTSATCOM-3       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  80 10 30   |  AC-57          |  FLTSATCOM-4       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  80 12  6   |  AC-54          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  81 02 21   |  AC-42          |  COMSTAR D-4       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  81 05 23   |  AC-56          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  81 08  6   |  AC-59          |  FLTSATCOM-5       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  81 12 15   |  AC-55          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  82 03  4   |  AC-58          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  82 09 28   |  AC-60          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  83 05 19   |  AC-61          |  INTELSAT V        |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  84 06  9   |  AC-62          |  INTELSAT V        |                | FAILURE |
              |  85 03 22   |  AC-63          |  INTELSAT VA       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|
              |  85 06 29   |  AC-64          |  INTELSAT VA       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  85 09 28   |  AC-65          |  INTELSAT VA       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  86 12  4   |  AC-66          |  FLTSATCOM-7       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |  87 03 26   |  AC-67          |  FLTSATCOM-6       |                | FAILURE |
              |  89 09 25   |  AC-68          |  FLTSATCOM-8       |  GSO           | SUCCESS |
              |-------------|-----------------|--------------------|----------------|---------|





                                             4.12




















                                      SECTION 5


                                   PAYLOAD REQUESTS




NOTES:

1.   INCLUDES PRIMARY, COMPLEX SECONDARY, AND MANIFESTED NON-COMPLEX SECONDARY PAYLOADS.

2.   REQUEST DATE:  LAUNCH DATE REQUESTED BY THE PAYLOAD ORGANIZATION

3.   FLIGHT DATE :  LAUNCH DATE SHOWN IN THE MANIFEST.
                         IF NOT MANIFESTED, NO DATE IS GIVEN.
















                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| AAFE                | UNIQUE          | 94 08  | 94 08 25  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OAST    |
| ACE                 | TBD             | 96 10  |           | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| ACTS                | TOS             | 92 05  | 92 04 23  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| AFP-675             | PALLET          | 89 03  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| ALFE (STP-01)       | HITCHHIKER-G    | 89 07  | 92 01 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| AMOS-05             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 10  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| AMOS-06             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 11  | 90 05  9  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| AMOS-07             | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 89 12  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| APM-01              | UNIQUE          | 89 02  | 90 04 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
| APM-02              | UNIQUE          | 89 04  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ASP                 | HITCHHIKER-G    | 88 11  | 91 12  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | ESA     |
| ASTRO-01            | IG+2 PALLETS    | 89 11  | 90 05  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ASTRO-02**          | IG+2 PALLETS    | 93 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ATDRS-01**          | TBD             | 97 12  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-02**          | TBD             | 99 06  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ATDRS-03**          | TBD             | 01 06  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-04**          | TBD             | 03 06  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-05**          | TBD             | 05 04  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-06**          | TBD             | 07 01  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-07**          | TBD             | 09 01  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ATDRS-08**          | TBD             | 10 12  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATDRS-09**          | TBD             | 12 08  |           | INTERMEDIATE       | N/A        | OSO     |
| ATLAS-01            | IG+2 PALLETS    | 91 03  | 91 04  4  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ATLAS-02            | IG+1 PALLET     | 92 07  | 92 06 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ATLAS-03            | IG+1 PALLET     | 93 07  | 93 04 15  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                      5.1







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| ATLAS-04            | IG+1 PALLET     | 94 04  | 94 03 17  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ATLAS-05**          | IG+1 PALLET     | 95 06  | 95 09  7  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| ATLAS-06**          | IG+1 PALLET     | 96 06  | 96 08 15  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| AXAF                | UNIQUE          | 97 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| AXAF-R1             | FSS             | 02 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| AXAF-R2             | FSS             | 07 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| AXAF-R3             | FSS             | 12 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| BBXRT-01            | TAPS            | 89 11  | 90 05  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| BBXRT-02**          | TAPS            | 93 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| BIOPLATFORM-01**    | N/A             | 98 01  |           | MEDIUM**           | N/A        | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CANEX-02            | UNIQUE          | 85 12  | 92 04 23  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | CANADA  |
| CAPL                | HITCHHIKER-G    | 91 01  | 92 12 10  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| CASSINI             | CENTAUR         | 96 04  | 96 04     | TITAN IV           | N/A        | OSSA    |
| CETA                | UNIQUE          | 90 06  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| CHROMEX-02          | MIDDECK LOCKER  | 90 02  | 90 10  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY* | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CMG-04              | MAR             | 92 07  | 93 05  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMG-05              | MAR             | 92 07  | 93 10 22  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMG-06**            | MAR             | 92 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMG-07              | MAR             | 93 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMG-08**            | MAR             | 93 07  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CMG-09**            | MAR             | 94 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMG-10              | MAR             | 93 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CMSE/E              | HITCHHIKER-G    | 91 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| COLDSAT**           | N/A             | 97 06  |           | DELTA**            | N/A        | OAST    |
| CRAF                | CENTAUR         | 95 08  | 95 08     | TITAN IV           | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                      5.2







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CRRES               | N/A             | 90 05  | 90 06     | ATLAS CENTAUR      | N/A        | OSSA    |
| CSI/CASES**         | PALL+MPESS      | 96 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OAST    |
| CTM                 | HITCHHIKER-G    | 89 06  | 94 10  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | ESA     |
| CVTE-01             | MAR             | 91 02  | 91 01 31  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CVTE-02             | MAR             | 92 02  | 92 02 13  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CVTE-03             | MAR             | 92 12  | 92 12 10  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXH-03              | HITCHHIKER-M    | 92 11  | 93 02 25  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXH-06              | HITCHHIKER-M    | 94 09  | 94 06  2  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXH-07              | HITCHHIKER-M    | 95 06  | 96 01 11  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXH-08**            | HITCHHIKER-M    | 96 03  | 96 07 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CXM-01**            | MPESS           | 91 10  | 93 05  6  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-02**            | MPESS           | 92 01  | 94 02 24  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-03**            | MPESS           | 92 01  | 94 05 12  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-04**            | MPESS           | 92 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-05**            | MPESS           | 93 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CXM-06**            | MPESS           | 93 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-07**            | MPESS           | 93 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-08**            | MPESS           | 94 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-09**            | MPESS           | 94 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXM-10**            | MPESS           | 95 04  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| CXP-01              | PALLET          | 91 04  | 93 10 22  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| CXP-02              | PALLET          | 91 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OCP     |
| DCWS**              | PALLET          | 94 10  | 96 01 11  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OAST    |
| DEE                 | GAS BEAM        | 91 01  | 92 10 29  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| DOD-04              | UNIQUE          | 90 02  | 90 02 22  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                      5.3






                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| DOD-05              | UNIQUE          | 90 07  | 90 07  9  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| DOD-06              | UNIQUE          | 91 03  | 91 03  4  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | DOD     |
| DXS                 | HITCHHIKER-G    | 91 12  | 91 12  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSSA    |
| EOIM-III-02         | MPESS           | 91 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| EOIM-III-03         | MPESS           | 92 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| EOIM-III-04         | MPESS           | 94 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| EOIM-III/TEMP2A-03  | MPESS           | 91 05  | 91 05 16  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| EOIM-IV             | MPESS           | 92 05  | 93 07 22  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| EOS-I               | N/A             | 97 12  |           | TITAN IV           | N/A        | OSF     |
| EOS-II              | N/A             | 00 06  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSF     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| EOS-III**           | TBD             | 02 12  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSF     |
| EOS-IV**            | TBD             | 05 06  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSF     |
| EOS-V**             | TBD             | 07 12  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSF     |
| EOS-VI**            | TBD             | 10 06  |           | TITAN IV**         | N/A        | OSF     |
| EURECA-1L           | EURECA-A        | 90 09  | 91 05 16  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| EURECA-1R           | EURECA-A        | 91 03  | 92 02 13  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
| EURECA-2L           | EURECA-A        | 93 01  | 93 05  6  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
| EURECA-2R           | EURECA-A        | 93 06  | 93 11 12  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
| EURECA-3L           | EURECA-A        | 95 06  | 96 01 11  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
| EURECA-3R           | EURECA-A        | 95 12  | 96 07 18  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | ESA     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| EUVE                | N/A             | 91 08  | 91 08     | DELTA              | N/A        | ESA     |
| EUVE RETR           | FSS             | 94 02  | 94 02 24  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| FAST                | N/A             | 93 12  | 93 12     | SCOUT              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| FR-01**             | HITCHHIKER-G    | 92 06  | 94 06  2  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | TBD     |
| FR-02**             | HITCHHIKER-G    | 92 06  | 96 07 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | TBD     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                      5.4







                                      **** PAYLOAD REQUESTS ****
_---------------------_-----------------_--------_-----------_--------------------_------------_---------_
|       PAYLOAD       |     CARRIER     |REQ DATE|FLIGHT DATE|      VEHICLE       |    TYPE    | SPONSOR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| FR-03**             | HITCHHIKER-G    | 92 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | TBD     |
| FTS-DTF-01          | UNIQUE          | 91 09  | 91 12  5  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| FTS-DTF-02          | UNIQUE          | 93 01  | 93 10 22  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | OSF     |
| FUSE                | FSS             | 98 01  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
| GEOSTAR-01          | PAM-D2          | 91 08  | 92 02 13  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GEOSTAR |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| GEOSTAR-02          | PAM-D2          | 92 02  | 92 09  3  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GEOSTAR |
| GEOSTAR-03          | PAM-D2          | 92 08  | 93 02 25  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | GEOSTAR |
| GEOTAIL             | N/A             | 92 07  | 92 07     | DELTA              | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GOES-I              | N/A             | 91 06  | 91 06     | ATLAS I            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GOES-J              | N/A             | 92 02  | 92 02     | ATLAS I            | N/A        | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| GOES-K              | N/A             | 95 07  | 95 07     | ATLAS I            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GOES-L              | N/A             | 97 02  |           | ATLAS I            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GOES-M              | N/A             | 00 07  |           | ATLAS I            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GP-B**              | N/A             | 96 06  |           | DELTA**            | N/A        | OSSA    |
| GRO                 | N/A             | 90 01  | 90 11  1  | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | OSSA    |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| HC-10               | UNIQUE          | 88 10  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-11               | UNIQUE          | 88 05  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-12               | UNIQUE          | 89 02  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-13               | UNIQUE          | 89 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-14               | UNIQUE          | 89 11  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
| HC-15               | UNIQUE          | 90 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-16               | UNIQUE          | 90 11  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-17               | UNIQUE          | 91 06  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HC-18               | UNIQUE          | 91 11  |           | SHUTTLE            | PRIMARY    | HUGHES  |
| HPE                 | HITCHHIKER-G    | 89 02  | 93 03 18  | SHUTTLE            | SECONDARY  | ESA     |
|---------------------|-----------------|--------|-----------|--------------------|------------|---------|
*    Non-complex secondary payload
**   For NASA planning purposes




                                             5.5
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Death of GEOSAT
Date: 1 Feb 90 04:04:55 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Organization: The Internet

GEOSAT is Dead.  Long live Geodesy!
-----------------------------------

With a primary mission of 1.5 years, a design life of 3 years, and
a secondary mission lasting 3 years, GEOSAT has finally failed after
providing over 4.5 years of global altimetry measurements.

The final failure was due to the power (which has been decreasing
for some time) finally falling below the minimum operational level.
The mission was officially declared over on 5 January 1990.

GEOSAT, built and managed by the Applied Physics Laboratory of
Johns Hopkins University under contract to the Naval Research
Laboratory and the Naval Electronics Systems Command, was launched on
12 March 1985 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

(Source: Memo from Jack Calman dated 5 January 1990 on behalf of the
JHU/APL GEOSAT Program Office)

========================================================================
Richard B. Langley                  BITnet:  [e-mail] or [e-mail]
Geodetic Research Laboratory        Phone:   [phone]
Dept. of Surveying Engineering      Telex:   014-46202
University of New Brunswick         FAX:     [phone]
Fredericton, N.B., Canada  E3B 5A3
========================================================================
---------------------------------------
From: [e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer)
Newsgroups: sci.space
Subject: Overheard at the hearings by a congressional aide
Date: 1 Feb 90 15:24:43 GMT
Sender: [e-mail]
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Allen W. Sherzer)
Organization: Evil Geniuses for a Better Tomorrow

From Spacelines (midwestern NSS chapter newsletter) Feb. 90:

   When mention of COMSTAC (a private industry group to establish
   prudent launch vehicle design standards) came up in testimony,
   one of the NASA reps present leaned over to another within the
   group and said,



            "They're the enemy!"


                           - From Andy Cutler

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Allen W. Sherzer     | Cthulhu for President -                           |
|  [e-mail]         | If you're tired of choosing the LESSER of 2 evils |
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